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L298N Dual H-Bridge Motor Driver Module for DC Stepper Motors, Smart Robot Car and Arduino Projects
L298N Dual H-Bridge Motor Driver Module for DC Stepper Motors, Smart Robot Car and Arduino Projects
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L298N Dual H-Bridge Motor Driver Module — DC & Stepper Motors, Arduino & Robot Car
A versatile dual H-bridge motor driver module based on the ST L298N IC, capable of driving two DC motors independently (forward/reverse/speed control) or one bipolar stepper motor (full-step, half-step, or microstepping). Supports motor supply voltages from 5V to 35V DC with up to 2A continuous current per channel (4A peak), making it suitable for small to medium-sized DC motors and NEMA 17 stepper motors in Arduino robot cars, CNC machines, and automation projects.
Technical Specifications
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Driver IC | ST L298N (dual full H-bridge) |
| Motor Supply Voltage (VM) | 5V – 35V DC |
| Logic Supply Voltage (VCC) | 5V (onboard 5V regulator from VM, if VM > 7V) |
| Continuous Output Current | 2A per channel |
| Peak Output Current | 3A per channel (short duration) |
| Max Power Dissipation | 25W (with heatsink) |
| PWM Frequency | Up to 40kHz |
| Operating Temperature | −20°C to +135°C |
| Logic Input Voltage | 3.3V / 5V compatible |
| Protection | Thermal shutdown, overcurrent protection (L298N IC) |
| Onboard 5V Regulator | Yes (78M05, active when VM > 7V) |
| Dimensions | ~43 × 43 × 27mm (with heatsink) |
Pin Reference
| Pin / Terminal | Function |
|---|---|
| VM (12V) | Motor power supply (5–35V DC) |
| GND | Common ground |
| 5V (output) | 5V logic output from onboard regulator (when VM > 7V) |
| IN1, IN2 | Direction control for Motor A (HIGH/LOW logic) |
| IN3, IN4 | Direction control for Motor B |
| ENA | PWM speed control for Motor A (remove jumper for PWM) |
| ENB | PWM speed control for Motor B |
| OUT1, OUT2 | Motor A output terminals |
| OUT3, OUT4 | Motor B output terminals |
Typical Applications
- Arduino Robot Car: Drive two DC gear motors for differential steering in 2WD and 4WD robot car kits. Control speed via PWM on ENA/ENB and direction via IN1–IN4.
- Bipolar Stepper Motor Control: Drive NEMA 17 (1.7A) and NEMA 23 (2A) stepper motors for CNC router axes, 3D printer extruders, and camera sliders
- Smart Vehicle Projects: Motor control for line-following robots, maze-solving robots, and obstacle-avoidance vehicles with ultrasonic sensors
- Peltier (TEC) Module Control: H-bridge control of Peltier thermoelectric cooler modules for temperature regulation in DIY cooling systems
- Conveyor & Actuator Control: DC motor control for small conveyor belts, linear actuators, and automated dispensing mechanisms
Arduino Wiring Example (2 DC Motors)
- Connect VM to 9–12V DC power supply; GND to Arduino GND
- Connect 5V output to Arduino 5V (if using onboard regulator)
- IN1 → Arduino D8 | IN2 → D9 | IN3 → D10 | IN4 → D11
- ENA → Arduino D5 (PWM) | ENB → D6 (PWM) — remove ENA/ENB jumpers first
- Use
analogWrite(ENA, 150)for 60% speed;digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH); digitalWrite(IN2, LOW)for forward
FAQ
Q: Can the L298N module drive a NEMA 17 stepper motor?
A: Yes. Wire the stepper coils to OUT1/OUT2 (Coil A) and OUT3/OUT4 (Coil B). Use the Arduino Stepper library or AccelStepper library with IN1–IN4 for step/direction control. Ensure the stepper rated current is ≤2A per coil.
Q: Why does the L298N get hot during operation?
A: The L298N has a relatively high voltage drop (~2V per H-bridge), causing significant power dissipation at high currents. Ensure the heatsink is properly attached and consider adding a small fan for continuous high-current operation. For efficiency-critical applications, consider a DRV8833 or TB6612FNG driver instead.
Q: Can I use 3.3V logic (ESP32, STM32) with this module?
A: Yes. The L298N logic inputs are compatible with 3.3V logic levels. Connect ESP32 or STM32 GPIO pins directly to IN1–IN4 and ENA/ENB without a level shifter.
Package Contents
- 1 × L298N dual H-bridge motor driver module (with heatsink pre-installed)
