{"title":"Servo \u0026 Stepper Motors","description":"\u003ch2\u003eServo \u0026amp; Stepper Motors – Precision Motion Control for Robotics \u0026amp; 3D Printing\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAchieve precise angular and linear motion with our range of \u003cstrong\u003eservo motors, stepper motors, and their driver modules\u003c\/strong\u003e – ideal for Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printers, RC models, and CNC machines.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eWhat's in This Collection\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicro Servo Motors\u003c\/strong\u003e – SG90, SG92R, MG90S (9g), MG995, MG996 – 180° and 360° continuous rotation servos for RC and robotics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePWM Servo Driver Modules\u003c\/strong\u003e – PCA9685 16-channel 12-bit I2C servo driver for Arduino and Raspberry Pi\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eServo Testers\u003c\/strong\u003e – Smart micro servo testers for SG90\/MG90S\/SG92R with plastic gears\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStepper Motors\u003c\/strong\u003e – 28BYJ-48 5V stepper motors with ULN2003 driver boards, micro 4-wire camera lens steppers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStepper Motor Drivers\u003c\/strong\u003e – DRV8825, A4988 high-current drivers with heat sinks for 3D printers and Arduino RAMPS 1.4\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDigital Stepper Controllers\u003c\/strong\u003e – DM542 2-phase digital stepper driver for CNC and industrial motion control\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRC Servo Accessories\u003c\/strong\u003e – 21mm nylon control horns and clevis sets for RC airplane servo linkages\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003eWhy Choose Keszoox?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Compatible with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and 3D printer RAMPS boards\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ 180° and 360° rotation options available\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Bulk quantities in stock – ready to ship worldwide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"16-channel-pwm-servo-controller-shield","title":"16-Channel PWM Servo Controller Shield for Arduino","description":"\u003ch2\u003e16-Channel PWM Servo Controller Shield for Arduino\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003e16-channel PWM servo controller shield\u003c\/strong\u003e based on the \u003cstrong\u003ePCA9685\u003c\/strong\u003e I2C PWM driver. 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Its DIP-16 package is breadboard-compatible for easy prototyping.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eKey Features\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e7 independent Darlington channels\u003c\/strong\u003e — each rated 500mA @ 50V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBuilt-in flyback diodes\u003c\/strong\u003e on all outputs — relay and solenoid protection included\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e5V TTL\/CMOS compatible inputs\u003c\/strong\u003e — direct connection to Arduino, ESP32, Raspberry Pi GPIO\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eActive-low outputs\u003c\/strong\u003e — output sinks current when input is HIGH\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStandard driver for 28BYJ-48 stepper motor\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNo external components required\u003c\/strong\u003e for basic relay\/solenoid driving\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDIP-16 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compatible)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFlyback Diodes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBuilt-in on all 7 outputs\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOutput Type\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOpen-collector (active-low sink)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePackage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDIP-16 (through-hole)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eManufacturer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTexas Instruments \/ STMicroelectronics \/ Toshiba\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\u003ch3\u003eULN2003A vs ULN2803A\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eULN2003A (this):\u003c\/strong\u003e 7 channels, DIP-16 — standard for 28BYJ-48 stepper motors, 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driver\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOutput expander\u003c\/strong\u003e — extend microcontroller I\/O to drive 7 high-current loads\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003ePackage Contents\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e1 × ULN2003A 7-Channel Darlington Array IC (DIP-16)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ti.com\/lit\/ds\/symlink\/uln2003a.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eULN2003A Datasheet (Texas Instruments PDF)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45674498392299,"sku":"","price":4.22,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/ULN2003-Darlington-Transistor-Array-1.jpg?v=1723007236"},{"product_id":"drv8825-high-current-stepper-motor-driver-module","title":"DRV8825 High Current Stepper Motor Driver Module","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBi-polar stepper motor driver that can handle up to 2.2A\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDESCRIPTION\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe DRV8825 High Current Stepper Motor Driver Module can drive one bipolar stepper motor of up to 2.2A.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePACKAGE INCLUDES:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDRV8825 High Current Stepper Motor Driver Module\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeatsink with 3M double-stick adhesive applied.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKEY FEATURES OF DRV8825 HIGH CURRENT STEPPER MOTOR DRIVER MODULE:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.2A current handling capability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSmall footprint\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEasy step and direction control interface\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSix different step resolutions: full-step, half-step, 1\/4-step, 1\/8-step, 1\/16-step, and 1\/32-step\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdjustable current control lets you set the maximum current output with a built-in potentiometer. That allows you to use voltages above your stepper motor’s rated voltage to achieve higher step rates\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdjustable current decay modes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBuilt-in regulator so no external logic voltage supply is needed\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCan interface directly with 3.3 V and 5 V systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOver-temperature shutdown, over-current shutdown, and under-voltage lockout with FAULT pin output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShort-to-ground and shorted-load protection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExposed solderable ground pad below the driver IC on the bottom of the PCB can be used to enhance the cooling if desired.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe DRV8825 stepper motor driver can drive one bipolar stepper motor at up to  2.2A with adequate cooling.    The module can easily handle 1.5A with no heatsink.  A small heatsink is included and with a little air flow, it can handle up to the full 2.2A.  Note that the driver IC can handle up to 2.5A, but the 0.1 ohm current sense resistors limit the output to 2.2A.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is packaged onto a small board with male headers installed in a wide DIP-16 footprint that makes it breadboard compatible or it can be mounted into a socket.  These are often used for precision control of stepper motors used in applications such as 3D printers or robotics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePower Connections:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe module operates at a voltage of from 8.2 to 45V.   Power is connected across the VMOT (Voltage Motor) pin and ground.  Note that though the driver operates at these voltages, stepper motors rated at lower voltages can be driven as long as the current limit is set for the motor that is being driven.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is recommended that an electrolytic cap of 100uF or so size be placed across the VMOT and ground close to the module.  This becomes more important as the wiring form the driver to the motor increases in length. This is to help protect against LC induced voltage spikes that can exceed the 45V rating of the IC and cause damage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMotor Connections:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese are primarily designed to drive bipolar stepper motors with 4 wires.  In this case, one winding is connected across the 1A \u0026amp; 2A connections and the other winding is connected across the 1B \u0026amp; 2B connections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCurrent Limit Adjustment:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe module has active current limiting.  This allows the module to drive the motor at higher then rated voltages to achieve high step rates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is a trimmer potentiometer on the board which is used to set the current limit.  You will typically set the drivers current limit to be at or lower than the current rating of the motor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo set the current limit, you measure the reference voltage and adjust it using the formula\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eCurrent Limit = VREF x 2\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e.  As an example, if your motor is rated for 1.2A, you would adjust the reference voltage to 0.6V if you wanted to have maximum current.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe reference voltage can be measured on the metal trimmer pot itself or on the two IC pins near the pot that look like they have a solder bridge.  One easy way to make the adjustment is to use an alligator clip on the shaft of a small metallic screwdriver and attach that to your DVM so you can both probe and adjust the voltage at the same time with the screwdriver.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo make the adjustment, you should have the motor connected and operating in full step mode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote that the motor coil current will be very different from the power supply current.  Typically the power supply voltage will be higher and the current lower than the voltage and current delivered to the motor coils, so you should not use the current measured at the power supply to make this adjustment.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStep Size:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStepper motors have a set step size which is typically 1.8 degrees (200 steps per full revolution).  Microstepping drivers such as the DRV8825 allows for higher resolutions by allowing intermediate step movements.  This is achieved by energizing the coils with intermediate current levels.  For example, driving a motor in 1\/4 step mode will give a 200 step-per-revolution motor an 800 step resolution instead.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe step size is selected using the mode selector inputs (MODE 0, MODE 1, MODE 2) as shown in the table below.  These inputs have 100K pull-down resistors, so if they are left unconnected the driver operates in Full Step mode by default.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf microstepping is desired, the MODE inputs can be pulled high using a 10K or similar resistor if a fixed microstepping mode is being used or they can be dynamically driven using output pins on the microcontroller so that they modes can be changed on -the-fly.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe table below shows the microstepping modes that are available.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-hover\" width=\"739\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMODE 0\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMODE 1\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMODE 2\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMicrostep Resolution\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003eFull Step (default)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003eHalf Step\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e1\/4 Step\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e1\/8 Step\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e1\/16 Step\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e1\/32 Step\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e1\/32 Step\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e1\/32 Step\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are 16 pins available on the module as shown below:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4886 size-full entered lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Pinout-2.jpg\" alt=\"DRV8825 Module Pin-out\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" data-lazy-srcset=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Pinout-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Pinout-2-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Pinout-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Pinout-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Pinout-2-280x158.jpg 280w\" data-lazy-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Pinout-2.jpg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Pinout-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Pinout-2-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Pinout-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Pinout-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Pinout-2-280x158.jpg 280w\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOUR EVALUATION RESULTS:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Driver-Minimal-Setup.jpg\"\u003e\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-4883 entered lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Driver-Minimal-Setup.jpg\" alt=\"DRV8825 Driver Minimal Setup Schematic\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-srcset=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Driver-Minimal-Setup.jpg 800w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Driver-Minimal-Setup-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Driver-Minimal-Setup-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Driver-Minimal-Setup-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Driver-Minimal-Setup-249x187.jpg 249w\" data-lazy-sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Driver-Minimal-Setup.jpg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Driver-Minimal-Setup.jpg 800w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Driver-Minimal-Setup-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Driver-Minimal-Setup-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Driver-Minimal-Setup-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/DRV8825-Driver-Minimal-Setup-249x187.jpg 249w\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese stepper motor drivers pack a lot in a small package.  They work great with our 1.2A stepper motors and will work well with any bipolar stepper motors up to their current limit of 2.2A.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen using with an Arduino, the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/laurb9\/StepperDriver\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBasicStepperDriver.h\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003elibrary can be downloaded from GitHub which provides control for the DRV8825 and similar stepper drivers and is used in our program below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe program below is a simple test program.  It uses the module in the minimal hardware mode using just the DIR and STEP pins with the micro-stepping set to the default of full step as shown in the drawing to the right.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt moves the stepper in one direction for 5 rotations, rotates in the reverse direction for 1 rotation and then rotates for one rotation in discrete individual full steps. Ensure that the RST and SLP pins are pulled up to Vcc on the Arduino.  Also ensure that the current limiting has been adjusted for the motor you are using.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDRV8825 Stepper Motor Driver Module Program\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre class=\"copy-the-code-target\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\/*\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e * Exercise the DRV8825 Stepper Motor Driver Module\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e *\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e * This uses the minimal setup configuraiton with DIR connected to pin 8 and \u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e * STEP connected to pin 9.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e *\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e * The \/Reset and \/Sleep pins need to be pulled up to VCC\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e * Step size is left at default of Full Step\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e * This uses the BasicStepperDriver.h library which can be downloaded at GitHub\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e *\/\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#include\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eArduino\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eh\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#include\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\"BasicStepperDriver.h\"\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Motor steps per revolution. Most steppers are 200 steps or 1.8 degrees\/step\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003econst\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMOTOR_STEPS\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e200\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Set speed of rotation\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003econst\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eRPM\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e120\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Using default step size. 1=full step, 2=half step, etc.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003econst\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMICROSTEPS\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Define Arduino pins usedUses default full step\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003econst\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eDIR_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e8\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003econst\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eSTEP_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e9\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Create stepper object in 2-wire basic configuration.  \u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBasicStepperDriver\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cspan\u003estepper\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMOTOR_STEPS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eDIR_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eSTEP_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Initialization\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003evoid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003esetup\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cspan\u003estepper\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ebegin\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRPM\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMICROSTEPS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Uses default full step mode\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Main\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003evoid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eloop\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e\n   \u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003ei\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n     \u003cspan\u003efor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ei\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003ei\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003ei\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e++\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003estepper\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003erotate\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e360\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ 360 = degrees rotation\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n    \u003cspan\u003estepper\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003erotate\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e-\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e360\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Rotate once in opposite direction\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n    \u003cspan\u003efor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ei\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003ei\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e200\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003ei\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e++\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Rotate 1 step at a time, pause between steps\u003c\/span\u003e\n      \u003cspan\u003estepper\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003emove\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e*\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMICROSTEPS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Steps are full steps\u003c\/span\u003e\n      \u003cspan\u003edelay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cspan\u003edelay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1000\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003cbutton class=\"copy-the-code-button\" data-style=\"svg-icon\" title=\"Copy\"\u003e\u003csvg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" class=\"copy-icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" fill=\"currentColor\" focusable=\"false\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\u003c\/pre\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBEFORE THEY ARE SHIPPED, THESE MODULES ARE:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSample inspected and tested per incoming shipment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNotes: \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003eNone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-hover\" width=\"755\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e Model\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Driver IC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003eDRV8825\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e Operating Ratings\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Voltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e8.2 – 45VDC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Current per phase (Max w\/o heatsink)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e1.5A\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Current per phase (Max with heatsink)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e2.2A\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Microstep resolutions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003eFull, 1\/2, 1\/4, 1\/8, 1\/16, 1\/32\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e Dimensions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eDriver Board (L x W)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e20 x 15mm (0.8 x 0.6″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e Datasheets\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.ti.com\/lit\/ds\/symlink\/drv8825.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDRV8825 Driver\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c!----\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45681535320299,"sku":"","price":8.72,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/DRV8825-Stepper-Motor-Driver-2.jpg?v=1723005657"},{"product_id":"servo-motor-micro-mg90s","title":"Servo Motor Micro MG90S","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMicro size 180 degree analog servo with metal gears\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDESCRIPTION\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Servo Motor Micro MG90S is a micro size 180 degree analog servo with metal gears and robust construction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePACKAGE INCLUDES:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1 MG90S Servo motor with attached 9.5″ control cable\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3 arms\/horns for various interface applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScrews for mounting arms to the servo and mounting the servo\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKEY FEATURES OF SERVO MOTOR MICRO MG90S:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVery small micro size\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFairly strong, can lift 3.75lb positioned 1 cm from center of shaft\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e180 degree rotation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSturdy metal gears\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalog drive\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe MG90S Servo motor is an upgrade over the very common and inexpensive SG90 in that it adds metal gears, a little better torque and overall more robust construction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese work well for basic servo experimentation and can be used in applications where small size is a virtue and that don’t require a huge amount of torque, but they are still pretty strong.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServo motors can be commanded to go to a specific position and so are the usual go-to motor when accurate positioning is needed, such as for turning the front wheels on an RC model for steering or pivoting a sensor to look around on a robotic vehicle.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServo motors are comprised of a DC motor, gears, a potentiometer to determine its position and a small electronic control board.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandard servos have a specified limited range.  This is usually specified as 180 degrees.  Frequently the actual range is not quite the full 180 degrees and is limited by the mechanical gears and potentiometer used for position sensing that is contained in the device.  If the motor is run all the way to 0 or 180, it may start making unhappy sounds and start vibrating as it tries to drive to a position that it cannot get to.  This causes a high stall current condition and has the potential of stripping gears and damaging the motor, so it is best to either drive it to a safely reduced range such as 20-160 or experiment a bit to determine the actual usable range if you want to maximize the range.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServos expect to see a pulse on their PWM pin every 20mSec.  The pulse is active HIGH and the width of the pulse determines the position (angle) of the servos shaft.  The pulse can vary between 1mSec and 2mSec.  A 1mSec pulse positions the shaft at 0 degrees.  A 1.5mSec pulse positions the shaft at 90 degrees (centered in its range).  A 2mSec pulse positions the shaft at 180 degrees.  Pulses with values between these can be used to position the shaft arbitrarily.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMotor Connections\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe built-in cable has a 3-pin female connector that is usually mated with a male header.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1×3 Female Connector\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBrown\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= Ground\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRed\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= 5V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrange\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= PWM Signal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOUR EVALUATION RESULTS:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn our testing these servos can lift about 3.75 lbs that is positioned on an arm 1 cm out from the shaft , so they are actually fairly strong little motors.  We also didn’t have any issues with the gears when pushed to their max.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe servo runs on 5V with a current draw about 10mA at idle and 120mA to 250mA when being commanded to move depending on how it is being operated.  Current draw can get up to a maximum of 700mA under a stall condition.  One MG90S can typically be driven off the 5V power pin of an Arduino when experimenting as long as you don’t stall the motor, but motors in general are electrically noisy and power hungry devices.  It is always better to drive them directly off of a separate power supply rather than trying to power from the on-board Arduino regulator whenever possible\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you do decide to run it directly off the Arduino, you can help avoid most problems by running the power and ground from the Arduino over to a breadboard and then to the servo.  By placing a fairly large electrolytic cap of around 470-1000uF across the power and ground on the breadboard, that will help to insulate the Arduino from some of the power surges of the motor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe program below can be used to exercise a servo motor by using a potentiometer to set the position of the servo.  This setup can also be used to determine the limits of the servos range by running the servo near its end-points and observing where it mechanically stops relative to the position command that is being issued.  The constants MIN_VALUE and MAX_VALUE are used to set the 2 end-points in the program below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eServo Motor Micro MG90S Test Program\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre class=\"copy-the-code-target\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\/*\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Exercise Servo motor\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Use a potentiometer on pin A0 to command a servo attached to pin 9 to move to\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  a specific position.  The Servo MIN_VALUE and MAX_VALUE can be adjusted to \u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  avoid hitting the servo stops\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Uses built-in Servo.h library\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e*\/\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#include\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\"Servo.h\"\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eSERVO_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e9\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Can use any PWM pin\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003ePOT_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eA0\u003c\/span\u003e    \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Can use any analog pin\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMIN_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Minimum Servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMAX_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e180\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Maximum Servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eServo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e          \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ creates servo object used to control the servo motor\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_pot\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e    \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Current value of the potentiometer\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Current servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo_old\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Used to hold old servo value to look for change.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Initialization\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003evoid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003esetup\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eattach\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSERVO_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ assigns PWM pin to the servo object\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ebegin\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e9600\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e     \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Set Serial Monitor window comm speed\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Main\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003evoid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eloop\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003evalue_pot\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eanalogRead\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePOT_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Reads value of the potentiometer. Return value = 0 to 1023\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003emap\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_pot\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e1023\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMIN_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMAX_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ remap pot value to servo value\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eif\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e!=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo_old\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Only do something if there's a change in the servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ewrite\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e        \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Update servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprint\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\"Pot Value: \"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Update Serial Monitor window with what's going on\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprint\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_pot\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprint\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\"tServo Value: \"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprintln\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo_old\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cspan\u003edelay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ give servo time to move\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"copy-the-code-button\" data-style=\"svg-icon\" title=\"Copy\"\u003e\u003csvg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" class=\"copy-icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" fill=\"currentColor\" focusable=\"false\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\u003c\/pre\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBEFORE THEY ARE SHIPPED, THESE SERVO MOTORS ARE:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInspected\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBasic operation of servo motor verified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRepackaged for safe storage.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNotes: \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003eNone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-hover\" width=\"764\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003eMotor Model\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003eGeneric MG90S (China)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003eDrive Type\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003eAnalog\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003eDegree Rotation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e180° (±15°)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003eOperating Ratings\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eVoltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e4.8-6 VDC  (5V Typical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (idle)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e10mA (typical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (typical during movement)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e120-250mA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (stall)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e700mA (measured)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eStall Torque\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e2.2kg-cm (per spec)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eSpeed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e0.12s \/ 60 degree (varies with VDC)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003eDimensions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Cable Length\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e 24cm  (9.5″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Motor Housing L x W x H\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e23 x 12 x 26mm (0.9 x0 .5 x  1″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Motor Height (w\/ shaft)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e32mm (1.26″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eMotor Housing Width with Mounting Ears\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e32mm (1.26″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!----\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45681574314219,"sku":"","price":13.72,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/Servo-MG90S-1.jpg?v=1723005603"},{"product_id":"servo-motor-micro-mg90s-360-degree-continuous-rotation","title":"Servo Motor Micro MG90S – 360 Degree Continuous Rotation","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMicro size servo is perfect for driving micro-robot drive wheels.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDESCRIPTION\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Servo Motor Micro MG90S – 360 degree continuous rotation servo is a micro size 360 degree analog servo with metal gears and robust construction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePACKAGE INCLUDES:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1 MG90S 360 Degree Continuous Rotation Servo motor with attached 9.5″ control cable\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3 arms\/horns for various interface applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScrews for mounting arms to the servo and mounting the servo\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKEY FEATURES OF SERVO MOTOR MICRO MG90S – 360 DEGREE CONTINUOUS ROTATION:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVery small micro size\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e360 degree continuous rotation of the shaft\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSturdy metal gears\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalog drive\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike normal servos that can be commanded to an exact position within a range of about 180 or 360 degrees, these servos will rotate continuously in either direction with no ability to position it to a particular position or to control speed.  Think of them more like small DC motors with a motor controller built-in that powers the motor and that allows you to start\/stop and control direction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe gears are heavy-duty metal.  The speed of rotation is fixed at about 120RPM.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese types of servos are handy for driving wheels on a micro-robot where space is limited or if you just want to spin something.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese are driven by a PWM signal.  A pulse width of approximately 1500uS (PWM value of about 185) will cause the motor to stop.  A higher PWM value over about 195 will rotate the motor in one direction while a lower PWM value under about 175 will cause the motor to rotate in the opposite direction.  If the PWM value drops below about 500uSec (PWM value of 62), the motor will also stop due to insufficient drive.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf using the Servo.h library, as shown in the code below, a command of about 90 will cause the motor to stop.  A value of 0 will cause it turn in one direction at full speed and a value of 180 will cause it to turn in the other direction at full speed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMotor Connections\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe built-in cable has a 3-pin female connector that is usually mated with a male header.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1×3 Female Connector\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBrown\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= Ground\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRed\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= 5V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrange\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= PWM Signal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOUR EVALUATION RESULTS:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese servos are fairly strong little motors with metal gears.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe servo runs on 5V with a current draw about 10mA at idle and 120mA to 250mA when being commanded to move depending on how it is being operated.  Current draw can get up to a maximum of 800mA under a stall condition, so be aware of that.  One MG90S can typically be driven off the power pin of an Arduino when experimenting as long as you don’t stall it, but motors in general are electrically noisy and power hungry devices.  It is always better to drive them directly off of a power supply rather than trying to power from the on-board Arduino regulator whenever possible\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you do decide to run it directly off the Arduino, you can help avoid most problems by running the power and ground from the Arduino over to a breadboard and then to the servo.  By placing a fairly large electrolytic cap of around 470-1000uF across the power and ground on the breadboard, that will help to insulate the Arduino from some of the power surges of the motor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe program below can be used to exercise a 360 degree servo motor.  It simply spins the servo in one direction for 3 seconds, pauses and the spins in the opposite direction for 3 seconds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo use, hookup 5V and ground to the servo power and ground pins.  Connect the PWM pin to pin 9 on the MCU, but this can be changed to any PWM capable pin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eServo Motor Micro MG90S Test Program\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre class=\"copy-the-code-target\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\/*\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Exercise 360 degree Servo motor\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Simply runs servo in one direction for 3 seconds, stops, then reverses direction\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Uses built-in Servo.h library\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e*\/\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#include\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\"Servo.h\"\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eSERVO_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e9\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Can use any PWM pin\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eServo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e          \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ creates servo object used to control the servo motor\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Initialization\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003evoid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003esetup\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eattach\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSERVO_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ assigns PWM pin to the servo object\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Main\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003evoid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eloop\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ewrite\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/Spin in one direction\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003edelay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e3000\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ewrite\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e90\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Stop\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003edelay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e500\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ewrite\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e180\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Spin in opposite direction\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003edelay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e3000\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ewrite\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e90\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Stop\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003edelay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e500\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"copy-the-code-button\" data-style=\"svg-icon\" title=\"Copy\"\u003e\u003csvg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" class=\"copy-icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" fill=\"currentColor\" focusable=\"false\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\u003c\/pre\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBEFORE THEY ARE SHIPPED, THESE SERVO MOTORS ARE:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInspected\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTested @ 5V for \u0026gt; 15 minutes using test program\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNotes: \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003eNone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-hover\" width=\"764\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMotor Model\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003eGeneric MG90S (China)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrive Type\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003eAnalog\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDegree Rotation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e360° continuous\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eOperating Ratings\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eVoltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e4.8-6VDC  (5V Typical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (idle)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e10mA (typical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (typical during movement)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e120-250mA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (stall)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e800mA (measured)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eStall Torque\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e2.2 kg-cm (per spec)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eSpeed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e120 RPM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e Dimensions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Cable Length\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e 24cm  (9.5″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Motor Housing L x W x H\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e23 x 12 x 26mm (0.9 x0 .5 x  1″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Motor Height (w\/ shaft)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e32mm (1.26″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eMotor Housing Width with Mounting Ears\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e32mm (1.26″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c!----\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45681575133419,"sku":"","price":14.87,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/Servo-MG90S-360-Continuous-1-1.jpg?v=1723005590"},{"product_id":"servo-motor-micro-sg90-360-degree-continuous-rotation","title":"Servo Motor Micro SG90 – 360 Degree Continuous Rotation","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMicro size servo is perfect for driving micro-robot drive wheels.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDESCRIPTION\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe SG90 – 360 degree continuous rotation servo is a micro size analog servo.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePACKAGE INCLUDES:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1 SG90 360 Degree Continuous Rotation Servo motor with attached 9.5″ control cable\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3 arms\/horns for various interface applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScrews for mounting arms to the servo and mounting the servo\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKEY FEATURES OF SERVO MOTOR MICRO SG90 – 360 DEGREE CONTINUOUS ROTATION:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVery small micro size\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e360 degree continuous rotation of the shaft\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNylon gears\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalog drive\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike normal servos that can be commanded to an exact position within a range of about 180 or 360 degrees, these servos will rotate continuously in either direction with no ability to position it to a particular position.  Think of them more like small DC motors with a motor controller built-in that powers the motor and that allows you to start\/stop and control direction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe gears are nylon.  The nominal speed of rotation is 120RPM @ 5V.  The motor can be run slower down to about 60RPM, but will stall easier at lower speeds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese types of servos are handy for driving wheels on a micro-robot where space is limited or if you just want to spin something.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese are driven by a PWM signal.  A pulse width of approximately 1500uS (PWM value of about 185) will cause the motor to stop.  A higher PWM value over about 195 will rotate the motor in one direction while a lower PWM value under about 175 will cause the motor to rotate in the opposite direction.  If the PWM value drops below about 500uSec (PWM value of 62), the motor will also stop due to insufficient drive.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf using the Servo.h library, as shown in the code below, a command of about 90 will cause the motor to stop.  A value of 0 will cause it turn in one direction at full speed and a value of 180 will cause it to turn in the other direction at full speed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMotor Connections\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe built-in cable has a 3-pin female connector that is usually mated with a male header.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1×3 Female Connector\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBrown\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= Ground\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRed\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= 5V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrange\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= PWM Signal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOUR EVALUATION RESULTS:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese servos are fairly strong little motors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe servo runs on 5V with a current draw about 10mA at idle and 110mA to 250mA when being commanded to move depending on how it is being operated.  Current draw can get up to a maximum of 300mA under a stall condition, so be aware of that.  One SG90 can typically be driven off the power pin of an Arduino when experimenting as long as you don’t stall it, but motors in general are electrically noisy and power hungry devices.  It is always better to drive them directly off of a power supply rather than trying to power from the on-board MCU regulator whenever possible\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you do decide to run it directly off the MCU, you can help avoid most problems by running the power and ground from the MCU over to a breadboard and then to the servo.  By placing a fairly large electrolytic cap of around 470-1000uF across the power and ground on the breadboard, that will help to insulate the MCU from some of the power surges of the motor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe program below can be used to exercise a 360 degree servo motor.  It simply spins the servo in one direction for 3 seconds, pauses and the spins in the opposite direction for 3 seconds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo use, hookup 5V and ground to the servo power and ground pins.  Connect the PWM pin to pin 9 on the MCU, but this can be changed to any PWM capable pin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eServo Motor Micro SG90 360 Degree Test Program\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre class=\"copy-the-code-target\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\/*\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Exercise 360 degree Servo motor\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Simply runs servo in one direction for 2 seconds and then reverses direction\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Uses built-in Servo.h library\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e*\/\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#include\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\"Servo.h\"\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eSERVO_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e9\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Can use any PWM pin\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eServo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e          \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ creates servo object used to control the servo motor\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Initialization\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003evoid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003esetup\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eattach\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSERVO_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ assigns PWM pin to the servo object\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Main\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003evoid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eloop\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ewrite\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/Spin in one direction\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003edelay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e3000\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ewrite\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e90\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Stop\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003edelay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e500\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ewrite\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e180\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Spin in opposite direction\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003edelay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e3000\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ewrite\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e90\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Stop\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003edelay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e500\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"copy-the-code-button\" data-style=\"svg-icon\" title=\"Copy\"\u003e\u003csvg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" class=\"copy-icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" fill=\"currentColor\" focusable=\"false\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\u003c\/pre\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBEFORE THEY ARE SHIPPED, THESE SERVO MOTORS ARE:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInspected\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTested @ 5V using test program\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNotes: \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003eNone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-hover\" width=\"764\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMotor Model\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003eGeneric SG90 (China)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrive Type\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003eAnalog\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDegree Rotation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e360° continuous\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eOperating Ratings\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eVoltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e4.8-6VDC  (5V Typical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (idle)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e10mA (typical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (typical during movement)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e100-250mA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (stall)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e300mA (measured)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eStall Torque\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e1.7 kg-cm (per spec)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eFull Speed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e120 RPM @ 5V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e Dimensions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Cable Length\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e 24cm  (9.5″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Motor Housing L x W x H\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e23 x 12 x 26mm (0.9 x0 .5 x  1″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Motor Height (w\/ shaft)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e32mm (1.26″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eMotor Housing Width with Mounting Ears\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e32mm (1.26″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!----\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45681576739051,"sku":"","price":9.47,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/Servo-SG90.jpg?v=1723005578"},{"product_id":"servo-motor-micro-sg90","title":"Servo Motor Micro SG90","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLow cost micro servo motor for light duty work like sensor movement.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDESCRIPTION\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Servo Motor Micro SG90 is a very common and inexpensive servo in a compact micro size package.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePACKAGE INCLUDES:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1 SG90 Servo motor with attached 9.5″ control cable\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3 arms\/horns for various interface applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScrews for mounting arms to the servo and mounting the servo\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKEY FEATURES OF SERVO MOTOR MICRO SG90:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVery small micro size\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCan lift 3.75lb positioned 1cm from center of shaft\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e180 degree rotation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalog drive\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow cost\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Servo Motor Micro SG90 work well for basic servo experimentation and can be used in applications where small size is a virtue and that don’t require a huge amount of torque, but they are still pretty strong. Gears are nylon which is the case with most lower cost Servos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServo motors can be commanded to go to a specific position and so are the usual go-to motor when accurate positioning is needed, such as for turning the front wheels on an RC model for steering or pivoting a sensor to look around on a robotic vehicle.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServo motors are comprised of a DC motor, gears, a potentiometer to determine its position and a small electronic control board.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandard servos have a specified limited range.  This is usually specified as 180 degrees.  Frequently the actual range is less than the full 180 degrees and is limited by the mechanical gears and potentiometer used for position sensing that is contained in the device.  If the motor is run all the way to 0 or 180, it may start making unhappy sounds and start vibrating as it tries to drive to a position that it cannot get to.  This causes a high stall current condition and has the potential of stripping gears and damaging the motor, so it is best to either drive it to a safely reduced range such as 20-160 or experiment a bit to determine the actual usable range if you want to maximize the range.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServos expect to see a pulse on their PWM pin every 20 mSec.  The pulse is active HIGH and the width of the pulse determines the position (angle) of the servos shaft.  The pulse can vary between 1mSec and 2mSec.  A 1mSec pulse positions the shaft at 0 degrees.  A 1.5mSec pulse positions the shaft at 90 degrees (centered in its range).  A 2 mSec pulse positions the shaft at 180 degrees.  Pulses with values between these can be used to position the shaft arbitrarily.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMotor Connections\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe built-in cable has a 3-pin female connector that is usually mated with a standard 0.1″ male header\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1×3 Female Connector\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBrown\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= Ground\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRed\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= 5V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrange\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= PWM Signal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOUR EVALUATION RESULTS:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn our testing these servos can lift about 3.75lbs that is positioned on an arm 1cm out from the shaft , so they are actually fairly strong little motors.  We also didn’t have any issues with stripping the nylon gears when pushed to their max.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe servo runs on 5V with a current draw about 10mA at idle and 100mA to 250mA when being commanded to move depending on how it is being operated.  Current draw can get up to a maximum of 360mA under a stall condition.  One SG90 can typically be driven off the power pin of an Arduino when experimenting, but motors in general are electrically noisy and power hungry devices.  It is always better to drive them directly off of a power supply rather than trying to power from the on-board Arduino regulator whenever possible\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you do decide to run it directly off the Arduino, you can help avoid most problems by running the power and ground from the Arduino over to a breadboard and then to the servo.  By placing a fairly large electrolytic cap of around 470-1000uF across the power and ground on the breadboard, that will help to insulate the Arduino from some of the power surges of the motor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe program below can be used to exercise a servo motor by using a potentiometer to set the position of the servo.  This setup can also be used to determine the limits of the servos range by running the servo near its end-points and observing where it mechanically stops relative to the position command that is being issued.  The constants MIN_VALUE and MAX_VALUE are used to set the 2 end-points in the program below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eServo Motor Micro SG90 Test Program\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre class=\"copy-the-code-target\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\/*\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Exercise Servo motor\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Use a potentiometer on pin A0 to command a servo attached to pin 9 to move to\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  a specific position.  The Servo MIN_VALUE and MAX_VALUE can be adjusted to \u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  avoid hitting the servo stops\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Uses built-in Servo.h library\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e*\/\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#include\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\"Servo.h\"\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eSERVO_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e9\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Can use any PWM pin\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003ePOT_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eA0\u003c\/span\u003e    \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Can use any analog pin\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMIN_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Minimum Servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMAX_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e180\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Maximum Servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eServo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e          \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ creates servo object used to control the servo motor\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_pot\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e    \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Current value of the potentiometer\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Current servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo_old\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Used to hold old servo value to look for change.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Initialization\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003evoid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003esetup\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eattach\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSERVO_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ assigns PWM pin to the servo object\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ebegin\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e9600\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e     \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Set Serial Monitor window comm speed\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Main\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003evoid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eloop\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003evalue_pot\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eanalogRead\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePOT_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Reads value of the potentiometer. Return value = 0 to 1023\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003emap\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_pot\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e1023\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMIN_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMAX_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ remap pot value to servo value\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eif\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e!=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo_old\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Only do something if there's a change in the servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ewrite\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e        \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Update servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprint\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\"Pot Value: \"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Update Serial Monitor window with what's going on\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprint\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_pot\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprint\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\"tServo Value: \"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprintln\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo_old\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cspan\u003edelay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ give servo time to move\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"copy-the-code-button\" data-style=\"svg-icon\" title=\"Copy\"\u003e\u003csvg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" class=\"copy-icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" fill=\"currentColor\" focusable=\"false\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\u003c\/pre\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBEFORE THEY ARE SHIPPED, THESE MOTORS ARE:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInspected\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBasic operation of servo motor verified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNotes: \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003eNone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-hover\" width=\"764\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003eMotor Model\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003eGeneric SG90 (China)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003eDrive Type\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003eAnalog\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003eDegree Rotation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e180° (±15°)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e Operating Ratings\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eVoltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e4.8-6VDC  (5V Typical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (idle)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e10mA (typical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (typical during movement)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e100-250mA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (stall)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e360mA (measured)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eStall Torque\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e1.7 kg-cm (measured)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eSpeed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e0.12s \/ 60 degree (varies with VDC)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e Dimensions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Cable Length\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e 24cm  (9.5″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Motor Housing L x W x H\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e23 x 12 x 26mm (0.9 x0 .5 x  1″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Motor Height (w\/ shaft)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e32mm (1.26″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eMotor Housing Width with Mounting Ears\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e32mm (1.26″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!----\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45681580736747,"sku":"","price":8.97,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/Servo-SG90_1.jpg?v=1723005567"},{"product_id":"servo-motor-micro-sg92r","title":"Servo Motor Micro SG92R","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUpgraded version of the SG90 with improved gears and torque\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDESCRIPTION\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Servo Motor Micro SG92R is an upgraded version of the ubiquitous SG90 micro servo with improved gears and torque.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePACKAGE INCLUDES:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1 SG92R Servo motor with attached 9.5″ control cable\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3 arms\/horns for various interface applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScrews for mounting arms to the servo and mounting the servo\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKEY FEATURES OF SERVO MOTOR MICRO SG92R:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVery small micro size\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePOM with carbon fiber gears\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStall torque up to 2.5 kg-cm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e180 degree rotation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalog drive\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Servo Motor Micro SG92R work well for basic servo experimentation and can be used in applications where small size is a virtue and that don’t require a huge amount of torque, but they are still pretty strong. Gears are POM plastic with carbon fiber particles that improve strength and durability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServo motors can be commanded to go to a specific position and so are the usual go-to motor when accurate positioning is needed, such as for turning the front wheels on an RC model for steering or pivoting a sensor to look around on a robotic vehicle.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServo motors are comprised of a DC motor, gears, a potentiometer to determine its position and a small electronic control board.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandard servos have a specified limited range.  This is usually specified as 180 degrees.  Frequently the actual range is not quite the full 180 degrees and is limited by the mechanical gears and potentiometer used for position sensing that is contained in the device.  If the motor is run all the way to 0 or 180, it may start making unhappy sounds and start vibrating as it tries to drive to a position that it cannot get to.  This causes a high stall current condition and has the potential of stripping gears and damaging the motor, so it is best to either drive it to a safely reduced range such as 20-160 or experiment a bit to determine the actual usable range if you want to maximize the range.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServos expect to see a pulse on their PWM pin every 20 mSec.  The pulse is active HIGH and the width of the pulse determines the position (angle) of the servos shaft.  The pulse can vary between 1mSec and 2mSec.  A 1mSec pulse positions the shaft at 0 degrees.  A 1.5mSec pulse positions the shaft at 90 degrees (centered in its range).  A 2 mSec pulse positions the shaft at 180 degrees.  Pulses with values between these can be used to position the shaft arbitrarily.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMotor Connections\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe built-in cable has a 3-pin female connector that is usually mated with a standard 0.1″ male header\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1×3 Female Connector\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBrown\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= Ground\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRed\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= 5V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrange\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= PWM Signal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOUR EVALUATION RESULTS:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn our testing these servos can lift about 5.5lbs that is positioned on an arm 1cm out from the shaft , so they are fairly strong little motors.  We also didn’t have any issues with stripping the gears when pushed to their max.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe servo runs on 5V nominal with a current draw about 10mA at idle and 100mA to 300mA when being commanded to move depending on how it is being operated.  Current draw can get up to a maximum of 650mA under a stall condition.  One SG92R can typically be driven off the power pin of an Arduino when experimenting, but motors in general are electrically noisy and power hungry devices.  It is always better to drive them directly off of a power supply rather than trying to power from the on-board Arduino regulator whenever possible\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you do decide to run it directly off the Arduino, you can help avoid most problems by running the power and ground from the Arduino over to a breadboard and then to the servo.  By placing a fairly large electrolytic cap of around 470-1000uF across the power and ground on the breadboard, that will help to insulate the Arduino from some of the power surges of the motor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe program below can be used to exercise a servo motor by using a potentiometer to set the position of the servo.  This setup can also be used to determine the limits of the servos range by running the servo near its end-points and observing where it mechanically stops relative to the position command that is being issued.  The constants MIN_VALUE and MAX_VALUE are used to set the 2 end-points in the program below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eServo Motor Micro SG92R Test Program\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre class=\"copy-the-code-target\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\/*\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Exercise Servo motor\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Use a potentiometer on pin A0 to command a servo attached to pin 9 to move to\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  a specific position.  The Servo MIN_VALUE and MAX_VALUE can be adjusted to \u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  avoid hitting the servo stops\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Uses built-in Servo.h library\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e*\/\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#include\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\"Servo.h\"\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eSERVO_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e9\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Can use any PWM pin\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003ePOT_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eA0\u003c\/span\u003e    \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Can use any analog pin\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMIN_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Minimum Servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMAX_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e180\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Maximum Servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eServo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e          \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ creates servo object used to control the servo motor\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_pot\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e    \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Current value of the potentiometer\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Current servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo_old\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Used to hold old servo value to look for change.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Initialization\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003evoid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003esetup\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eattach\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSERVO_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ assigns PWM pin to the servo object\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ebegin\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e9600\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e     \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Set Serial Monitor window comm speed\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Main\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003evoid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eloop\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003evalue_pot\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eanalogRead\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePOT_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Reads value of the potentiometer. Return value = 0 to 1023\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003emap\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_pot\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e1023\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMIN_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMAX_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ remap pot value to servo value\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eif\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e!=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo_old\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Only do something if there's a change in the servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ewrite\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e        \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Update servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprint\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\"Pot Value: \"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Update Serial Monitor window with what's going on\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprint\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_pot\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprint\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\"tServo Value: \"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprintln\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo_old\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cspan\u003edelay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ give servo time to move\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"copy-the-code-button\" data-style=\"svg-icon\" title=\"Copy\"\u003e\u003csvg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" class=\"copy-icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" fill=\"currentColor\" focusable=\"false\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\u003c\/pre\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBEFORE THEY ARE SHIPPED, THESE MOTORS ARE:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInspected\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBasic operation of servo motor verified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNotes: \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003eArms and horns may be either black as pictured or white\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-hover\" width=\"827\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003eMotor Model\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003eGeneric SG92R\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003eDrive Type\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003eAnalog\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003eDegree Rotation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e180° (±15°)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e Operating Ratings\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eVoltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e4.8-6VDC  (5V Typical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (idle)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e10mA (typical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (typical during movement)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e100-300mA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (stall)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e650mA (measured)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eStall Torque\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e2.5 kg-cm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eSpeed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e0.10s \/ 60 degree (varies with VDC)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e Dimensions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Cable Length\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e 24cm  (9.5″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Motor Housing L x W x H\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e23 x 12.2 x 27mm (0.9 x 0.48 x  1.06″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Motor Height (w\/ shaft)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e32mm (1.26″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eMotor Housing Width with Mounting Ears\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e32.5mm (1.28″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c!----\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45681582375147,"sku":"","price":9.47,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/Servo-SG92R.jpg?v=1723005556"},{"product_id":"servo-motor-mg995-180-degree-rotation","title":"Servo Motor MG995 180 Degree Rotation","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHigh torque, moderate speed 180 degree servo for medium duty applications\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDESCRIPTION\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Servo Motor MG995 is a standard size servo with a range of 180 degrees with good torque and moderate speed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePACKAGE INCLUDES:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQty 1 – MG995 Servo motor with attached 11″ control cable\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQty 4 – Arms\/horns for various interface applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQty 5 – Screws for mounting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQty 4 – Rubber and brass bushings for mounting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKEY FEATURES OF SERVO MOTOR MG995:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard (medium) size servo\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh torque of up to 12kg\/cm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e180 degree rotation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMetal (Brass \u0026amp; aluminum) gears\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalog drive\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese servos have good torque for the cost and work well for experimenting with robotic arms, steering controls and other applications that require a fair amount of grunt.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe high torque capability comes at the expense of fast speed of movement due to the gearing.  A 60° rotation takes about 0.2 seconds.  That is fine for robotic arm movement or slower speed crawler steering for instance, but too slow for a fast moving RC car or flight controls.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServo motors can be commanded to go to a specific position and so are the usual go-to motor when accurate positioning is needed, such as for turning the front wheels on an RC model for steering or pivoting a sensor to look around on a robotic vehicle.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServo motors are comprised of a DC motor, gears, a potentiometer to determine its position and a small electronic control board.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServos usually have a specified limited range.  This is usually specified as 180 degrees.  Frequently the actual range is not quite the full 180 degrees and is limited by the mechanical gears and potentiometer used for position sensing that is contained in the device.  If the motor is run all the way to 0 or 180, it may start making unhappy sounds and start vibrating as it tries to drive to a position that it cannot get to.  This causes a high stall current condition and has the potential of stripping gears and eventually burning out the drive electronics or damaging the motor, so it is best to either drive it to a safely reduced range such as 20-160 or experiment a bit to determine the actual usable range if you want to maximize the range.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome versions of the servo may be specified as 360 degree continuous rotation.  In this case, the servo mechanical stops and potentiometer have been removed or disconnected and is designed to rotate continuously in either direction and is primarily used for drive wheels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServos expect to see a pulse on their PWM pin every 20mSec (50Hz).  The pulse is active HIGH and the width of the pulse determines the position (angle) of the servos shaft.  The pulse can vary between 1mSec and 2mSec.  A 1mSec pulse positions the shaft at 0 degrees.  A 1.5mSec pulse positions the shaft at 90 degrees (centered in its range).  A 2mSec pulse positions the shaft at 180 degrees.  Pulses with values between these can be used to position the shaft arbitrarily.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMotor Connections\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe built-in cable has a 3-pin female connector that is usually mated with a male header.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1×3 Connector\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBrown\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= Ground\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRed\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= 5V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrange\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= PWM Signal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOUR EVALUATION RESULTS:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn our testing these MG995 servos have been fairly robust and can operate over pretty much the full 180°.\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction.jpg\"\u003e\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-12215 entered lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Servo MG995 Internal Construction\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" data-lazy-srcset=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-249x187.jpg 249w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction.jpg 800w\" data-lazy-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-300x225.jpg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-249x187.jpg 249w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction.jpg 800w\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConstruction is reasonable, though the motor attachment wires are not well supported, so could eventually break under high vibration operation.  Some epoxy or similar electronic safe potting compound could be applied to them if that is a concern.  The servo opens easily with 4 screws, just be careful not to let the gears fall out or it is a bit of a puzzle to put them back together.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDue to the metal gears, they are somewhat noisy.  On the plus side however, if you are going for a mechanical sounding killer robot, you won’t have to worry about needing to add any artificial sound effects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThough the label says ‘DIGI HI-SPEED”, the servo is neither digital or high-speed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe servo runs on 5V nominal with a current draw of about 10mA at idle and 170mA to 400mA under no load operation.  Current draw can get up to a maximum of about 1.3 to 1.5A under a stall condition.  It is not recommended to try to power one of these directly off of an Arduino board as it is likely to cause erratic behavior.  It is always best to drive them directly off of a separate power supply.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe program below can be used to exercise a servo motor by using a potentiometer to set the position of the servo.  This setup can also be used to determine the limits of the servos range by running the servo near its end-points and observing where it mechanically stops relative to the position command that is being issued.  The constants MIN_VALUE and MAX_VALUE are used to set the 2 end-points in the program below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the example, the potentiometer wiper is connected to analog input A0 with the other potentiometer pins connected to 5V and ground.  The servo is connected to pin 9.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe program does some averaging of the readings to reduce the tendency for the servo to hunt or chatter due to analog noise when the potentiometer is not being adjusted.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOnce the program is downloaded, open the Serial Monitor window and set for 9600 baud to see the servo values as the potentiometer is adjusted.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eServo Motor MG995 Test Program\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre class=\"copy-the-code-target\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\/*\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Exercise Servo motor\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Use a potentiometer on pin A0 to command a servo attached to pin 9 to move to\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  a specific position.  The Servo MIN_VALUE and MAX_VALUE can be adjusted to \u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  avoid hitting the servo stops\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Uses built-in Servo.h library\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e*\/\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#include\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\"Servo.h\"\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eSERVO_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e9\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Can use any PWM pin\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003ePOT_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eA0\u003c\/span\u003e    \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Can use any analog pin\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMIN_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e3\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Minimum Servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMAX_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e180\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Maximum Servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eAVGNUM\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e25\u003c\/span\u003e     \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Number of interations to average readings over\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eServo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e          \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ creates servo object used to control the servo motor\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_pot\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e    \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Current value of the potentiometer\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Current servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo_old\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Used to hold old servo value to look for change.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eavg_value\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Initialization\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003evoid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003esetup\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eattach\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSERVO_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ assigns PWM pin to the servo object\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ebegin\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e9600\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e     \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Set Serial Monitor window comm speed\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Main\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003evoid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eloop\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Average some readings to help filter out A\/D noise to minimize servo hunting\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003efor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003ei\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003ei\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAVGNUM\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e++\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ei\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e\n   \u003cspan\u003evalue_pot\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eanalogRead\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePOT_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Reads value of the pot (0 to 1023)\u003c\/span\u003e\n   \u003cspan\u003eavg_value\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e+=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_pot\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n   \u003cspan\u003edelay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eavg_value\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eAVGNUM\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003emap\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eavg_value\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e1023\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMIN_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMAX_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ remap pot to servo value\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003econstrain\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMIN_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMAX_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ constrain within bounds\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eif\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e!=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo_old\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ If change, update servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ewrite\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e        \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Send new position to servo\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprint\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\"Pot Value: \"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Update Serial Monitor window with what's going on\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprint\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eavg_value\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprint\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\"  Servo Value: \"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprintln\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo_old\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"copy-the-code-button\" data-style=\"svg-icon\" title=\"Copy\"\u003e\u003csvg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" class=\"copy-icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" fill=\"currentColor\" focusable=\"false\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\u003c\/pre\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBEFORE THEY ARE SHIPPED, THESE MOTORS ARE:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eServo is operated under no load condition back and forth for 5 minutes to verify basic operation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNotes: \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003eNone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-hover\" width=\"764\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003eMotor Model\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003eGeneric MG995 (China)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003eDrive Type\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003eAnalog\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003eDegree Rotation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e180° (±10°)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e Operating Ratings\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eVoltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e4.8-6VDC  (5V Typical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (idle)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e10mA (typical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (typical during movement)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e170-400mA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (stall)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e1.3 – 1.5A (measured)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eStall Torque\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e12kg-cm (typical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eSpeed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e0.2s \/ 60 degree (varies with VDC)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e Dimensions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Cable Length\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e 28cm  (11″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Motor Housing L x W x H\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e40.9 x 20 x 39mm (1.6 x 0 .79 x  1.53″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Motor Height (w\/ shaft)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e45mm (1.77″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eMotor Housing Width with Mounting Ears\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e54mm (2.13″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c!----\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45681587650795,"sku":"","price":17.37,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/Servo-MG995-180-Degree-Rotation.jpg?v=1723005545"},{"product_id":"servo-motor-mg996-180-degree-rotation","title":"Servo Motor MG996 180 Degree Rotation","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHigh torque, moderate speed 180 degree servo for medium duty applications\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDESCRIPTION\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Servo Motor MG996 is a standard size servo with a range of 180 degrees with good torque and moderate speed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePACKAGE INCLUDES:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQty 1 – MG995 Servo motor with attached 11″ control cable\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQty 2 – Arms\/horns for various interface applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQty 5 – Screws for mounting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQty 4 – Rubber and brass bushings for mounting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKEY FEATURES OF SERVO MOTOR MG996:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard (medium) size servo\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh torque of up to 13kg\/cm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e180 degree rotation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMetal (Brass \u0026amp; aluminum) gears\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalog drive\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese servos have good torque for the cost and work well for experimenting with robotic arms, steering controls and other applications that require a fair amount of grunt.  The MG996 has a little more torque than the otherwise very similar MG995.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe high torque capability comes at the expense of fast speed of movement due to the gearing.  A 60° rotation takes about 0.2 seconds.  That is fine for robotic arm movement or slower speed crawler steering for instance, but too slow for a fast moving RC car or flight controls.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServo motors can be commanded to go to a specific position and so are the usual go-to motor when accurate positioning is needed, such as for turning the front wheels on an RC model for steering or pivoting a sensor to look around on a robotic vehicle.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServo motors are comprised of a DC motor, gears, a potentiometer to determine its position and a small electronic control board.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServos usually have a specified limited range.  This is usually specified as 180 degrees.  Frequently the actual range is not quite the full 180 degrees and is limited by the mechanical gears and potentiometer used for position sensing that is contained in the device.  If the motor is run all the way to 0 or 180, it may start making unhappy sounds and start vibrating as it tries to drive to a position that it cannot get to.  This causes a high stall current condition and has the potential of stripping gears and eventually burning out the drive electronics or damaging the motor, so it is best to either drive it to a safely reduced range such as 20-160 or experiment a bit to determine the actual usable range if you want to maximize the range.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome versions of the servo may be specified as 360 degree continuous rotation.  In this case, the servo mechanical stops and potentiometer have been removed or disconnected and is designed to rotate continuously in either direction and is primarily used for drive wheels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServos expect to see a pulse on their PWM pin every 20mSec (50Hz).  The pulse is active HIGH and the width of the pulse determines the position (angle) of the servos shaft.  The pulse can vary between 1mSec and 2mSec.  A 1mSec pulse positions the shaft at 0 degrees.  A 1.5mSec pulse positions the shaft at 90 degrees (centered in its range).  A 2mSec pulse positions the shaft at 180 degrees.  Pulses with values between these can be used to position the shaft arbitrarily.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMotor Connections\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe built-in cable has a 3-pin female connector that is usually mated with a male header.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1×3 Connector\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBrown\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= Ground\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRed\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= 5V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrange\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= PWM Signal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOUR EVALUATION RESULTS:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn our testing these MG996 servos have been fairly robust and can operate over pretty much the full 180°.\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction.jpg\"\u003e\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-12215 entered lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Servo MG995 Internal Construction\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" data-lazy-srcset=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-249x187.jpg 249w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction.jpg 800w\" data-lazy-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-300x225.jpg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-249x187.jpg 249w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Servo-MG995-Internal-Construction.jpg 800w\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConstruction is reasonable.  The servo opens easily with 4 screws, just be careful not to let the gears fall out or it is a bit of a puzzle to put them back together.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDue to the metal gears, they can be somewhat noisy, but not too bad.  On the plus side, if you are going for a mechanical sounding killer robot, you won’t have to worry about needing to add any artificial sound effects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThough the label says ‘DIGI HI-SPEED”, the servo is neither digital or high-speed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe servo runs on 5V nominal with a current draw of about 10mA at idle and 170mA to 400mA under no load operation.  Current draw can get up to a maximum of about 1.3 to 1.5A under a stall condition.  It is not recommended to try to power one of these directly off of an Arduino board as it is likely to cause erratic behavior.  It is always best to drive them directly off of a separate power supply.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe program below can be used to exercise a servo motor by using a potentiometer to set the position of the servo.  This setup can also be used to determine the limits of the servos range by running the servo near its end-points and observing where it mechanically stops relative to the position command that is being issued.  The constants MIN_VALUE and MAX_VALUE are used to set the 2 end-points in the program below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the example, the potentiometer wiper is connected to analog input A0 with the other potentiometer pins connected to 5V and ground.  The servo is connected to pin 9.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe program does some averaging of the readings to reduce the tendency for the servo to hunt or chatter due to analog noise when the potentiometer is not being adjusted.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOnce the program is downloaded, open the Serial Monitor window and set for 9600 baud to see the servo values as the potentiometer is adjusted.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eServo Motor MG996 Test Program\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre class=\"copy-the-code-target\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\/*\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Exercise Servo motor\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Use a potentiometer on pin A0 to command a servo attached to pin 9 to move to\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  a specific position.  The Servo MIN_VALUE and MAX_VALUE can be adjusted to \u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  avoid hitting the servo stops\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e  Uses built-in Servo.h library\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e*\/\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#include\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\"Servo.h\"\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eSERVO_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e9\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Can use any PWM pin\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003ePOT_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eA0\u003c\/span\u003e    \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Can use any analog pin\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMIN_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e3\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Minimum Servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMAX_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e180\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Maximum Servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eAVGNUM\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e25\u003c\/span\u003e     \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Number of interations to average readings over\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eServo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e          \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ creates servo object used to control the servo motor\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_pot\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e    \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Current value of the potentiometer\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Current servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo_old\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Used to hold old servo value to look for change.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eavg_value\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Initialization\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003evoid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003esetup\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eattach\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSERVO_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ assigns PWM pin to the servo object\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ebegin\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e9600\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e     \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Set Serial Monitor window comm speed\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Main\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003evoid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eloop\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Average some readings to help filter out A\/D noise to minimize servo hunting\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003efor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003ei\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003ei\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAVGNUM\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e++\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ei\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e\n   \u003cspan\u003evalue_pot\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eanalogRead\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePOT_PIN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Reads value of the pot (0 to 1023)\u003c\/span\u003e\n   \u003cspan\u003eavg_value\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e+=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_pot\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n   \u003cspan\u003edelay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eavg_value\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eAVGNUM\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003emap\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eavg_value\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e1023\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMIN_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMAX_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ remap pot to servo value\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003econstrain\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMIN_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eMAX_VALUE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ constrain within bounds\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eif\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e!=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo_old\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ If change, update servo position\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cspan\u003eservo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ewrite\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e        \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Send new position to servo\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprint\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\"Pot Value: \"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Update Serial Monitor window with what's going on\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprint\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eavg_value\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprint\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\"  Servo Value: \"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprintln\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n    \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo_old\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003evalue_servo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"copy-the-code-button\" data-style=\"svg-icon\" title=\"Copy\"\u003e\u003csvg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" class=\"copy-icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" fill=\"currentColor\" focusable=\"false\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\u003c\/pre\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBEFORE THEY ARE SHIPPED, THESE MOTORS ARE:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eServo is operated under no load condition back and forth for 5 minutes to verify basic operation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNotes: \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003eNone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-hover\" width=\"764\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003eMotor Model\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003eGeneric MG996 (China)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003eDrive Type\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003eAnalog\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003eDegree Rotation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e180° (±10°)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e Operating Ratings\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eVoltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e4.8-6VDC  (5V Typical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (idle)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e10mA (typical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (typical during movement)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e170-400mA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eCurrent (stall)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e1.3 – 1.5A (measured)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eStall Torque\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e13kg-cm (typical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eSpeed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e0.2s \/ 60 degree (varies with VDC)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e Dimensions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Cable Length\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e 28cm  (11″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Motor Housing L x W x H\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e40.9 x 20 x 39mm (1.6 x 0 .79 x  1.53″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Motor Height (w\/ shaft)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e45mm (1.77″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eMotor Housing Width with Mounting Ears\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e54mm (2.13″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!----\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45681589911787,"sku":"","price":18.75,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/Servo-MG996-180-Degree-Rotation.jpg?v=1723005533"},{"product_id":"stepper-motor-with-uln2003a-driver-board","title":"Stepper Motor with ULN2003A Driver Board","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSmall unipolar stepper motor comes with a ULN2003A driver board\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDESCRIPTION\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese are small unipolar stepper motors that come with a ULN2003A driver board that work well for smaller applications such as opening and closing a vent or to experiment with stepper motors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePACKAGE INCLUDES:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e28BYJ-48 unipolar stepper motor with built-in cable\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eULN2003 driver board\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKEY FEATURES OF STEPPER MOTOR WITH ULN2003A DRIVER BOARD:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCompact size\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnipolar \/ 4-phase operation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5mm shaft\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e64:1 gear reduction for good torque capability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5V operation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe most useful aspect of stepper motors compared to other motors is that the position of the motor shaft can be controlled directly in discrete steps without requiring some type of feedback mechanism to determine position as would be required with something like a standard DC motor.  Other benefits are that they are relatively precise in their movement, they tend to be fairly reliable since they do not use contact brushes in the motor and they generally have good torque even at stand-still which is maintained as long as power is supplied to the motor.  The main downside is that they are a bit power hungry and will consume power even when they are not moving.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStepper motors work by converting electrical pulses into discrete increments of rotation of their shaft.  The motor is 4-phase and requires 4 control inputs.  Pulsing these inputs has several effects on the motor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe sequence of the applied pulses determines the direction that the motor shaft turns.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe frequency of the input pulses determines the speed that the shaft turns.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe number of the input pulses determines how far the shaft turns.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe motors are model 28BYJ-48 and operate at 5VDC.  The shaft is 5mm with two flat sides.  They have a 64:1 gear reduction, so they have pretty good torque capability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePower draw is approximately 240mA.  Power is drawn whether the motor is turning or not in order to hold its position, so the motor will be slightly warm whenever power is applied.  Because of the fairly high power draw, it is best to power the stepper motors directly from a 5V power supply rather than drawing that power from the MCU board that is driving it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe motor comes with a ULN2003A based driver board.  The ULN2003A is a 7 channel darlington transistor driver of which 4 channels are used on this board.  The board has 4 LEDs that show activity on the 4 control input lines.  It has 2 connectors for making connections as follows:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMotor \/ Driver Connections:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1 x 6 Header\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eVDD\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Connect to 5V power supply.  Due to high current draw, this should come directly from a power supply and not a microcontroller board.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIN1\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Digital input 1 – Connect to a digital output pin on the MCU.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIN2\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Digital input 2 – Connect to a digital output pin on the MCU.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIN3\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Digital input 3 – Connect to a digital output pin on the MCU.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIN4\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Digital input 4 – Connect to a digital output pin on the MCU.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGND\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Connect to ground\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1 x 5 White Connector\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis is where the motor plugs into.  The connector is keyed, so it only goes in one way.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOUR EVALUATION RESULTS:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese stepper motors are designed and used for small industrial applications such as opening and closing vanes.  They are a nice inexpensive way to learn about stepper motors and will work fine for many applications that don’t require absolute precision or huge torque loads.  Having the driver electronics make them straightforward to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen using with an Arduino, the stepper.h library is built into the IDE and makes it straight forward to control stepper motors such as these.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe program below is a simple test program.  It moves the stepper in both directions and then allows the stepper to be controlled using a potentiometer attached to the Analog 0 pin.  Any other analog sensor could be used.  For instance, using an analog temperature sensor, the stepper could be used to open\/close vanes on an air vent to control temperature in a greenhouse.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe command  \u003cstrong\u003estepper(STEPS, 8, 10, 9, 11);\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis used by the stepper library to define which digital pins the motor is connected to on the Arduino.  These can be any 4 digital pins, but we use 8, 9, 10 and 11 in this example.  Note that we have these defined out of sequence based on the wiring to the motor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIN1 = D8\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIN2 = D9\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIN3 = D10\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIN4 = D11\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe most likely issue to run into is that the stepper only runs in one direction.  That generally indicates that the wiring to the 4-phases of the motor may be different.  If that happens you can try changing the ordering of the pin assignments in that command.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStepper Motor with ULN2003A Test Program\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre class=\"copy-the-code-target\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\/*\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e * Stepper Motor Test\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e *\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e * Run the stepper motor CW and CCW one turn to verify wiring\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e * then have the stepper motor follow the rotation of a potentiometer\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e *\/\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan\u003e#include\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eStepper\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eh\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan\u003e#define\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eSTEPS\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e2048\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ change this to the number of steps on your motor\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/ create an instance of the stepper class with the number of steps of the motor\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/ and the pins it's attached to.  Note the odd non-sequential pin ordering\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eStepper\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cspan\u003estepper\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSTEPS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e8\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e9\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e,\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e11\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eADCPin\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e       \u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Analog pin that potentiometer is connected to.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eprev\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e         \u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Variable to hold the previous reading from analog input\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003ediff\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e         \u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Variable to hold difference between new and previous readings\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Initialization\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003evoid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003esetup\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ebegin\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e9600\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n  \u003cspan\u003estepper\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003esetSpeed\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e12\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e         \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ set the speed of the motor to 12 RPMs\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Run this sequence one time to test the basic motor operation\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprintln\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\"counterclockwise\"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003estepper\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003estep\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSTEPS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e        \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ step one revolution in one direction:\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003edelay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e500\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n  \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprintln\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\"clockwise\"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003estepper\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003estep\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e-\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSTEPS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e         \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ step one revolution in the other direction:\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003edelay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e500\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Main\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\/\/===============================================================================\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003evoid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eloop\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e\n   \n  \u003cspan\u003eint\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eval\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eanalogRead\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eADCPin\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e   \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ get the sensor value from the pot\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \n  \u003cspan\u003eval\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eval\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e*\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e                  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ADC range is 0-1023.  Double to match # steps in stepper\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n  \u003cspan\u003ediff\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eval\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e-\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eprev\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e              \u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Calculate the difference between the readings\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003ediff\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eabs\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ediff\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e               \u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Convert any negative number to positive\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003eif\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ediff\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e{\u003c\/span\u003e                \u003cspan\u003e\/\/  Look for a decent size change to ignore noise on the ADC\u003c\/span\u003e\n     \u003cspan\u003estepper\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003estep\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eval\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e-\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eprev\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e    \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ move a number of steps equal to the change in the pot\u003c\/span\u003e\n     \u003cspan\u003eprev\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eval\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e                  \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ remember the previous value of the sensor\u003c\/span\u003e\n     \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprint\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\"Pot = \"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e      \u003cspan\u003e\/\/ Print the ADC value we are reacting to\u003c\/span\u003e\n     \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSerial\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eprintln\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eval\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003cspan\u003edelay\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e;\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e}\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"copy-the-code-button\" data-style=\"svg-icon\" title=\"Copy\"\u003e\u003csvg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" class=\"copy-icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" fill=\"currentColor\" focusable=\"false\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\u003c\/pre\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBEFORE THEY ARE SHIPPED, THESE MOTORS ARE:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSample inspected and tested per incoming shipment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNotes: \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003eNone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-hover\" width=\"778\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMotor Model\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e28BYJ-48\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOperating Ratings\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Voltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e5VDC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Current\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e240mA (typical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eNumber of phases\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eGear Reduction Ratio\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e64:1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eDimensions\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Cable Length\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e 24cm  (9.5″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Motor Housing Diameter\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e28mm (1.1″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e Motor Height (minus shaft)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e20mm (0.8″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eMotor Housing with Mounting Ears\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e42mm (1.7″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eShaft diameter\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e5mm (3mm on flat sides)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eShaft length\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e8mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eDriver Board (L x W)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e25 x 18mm (1 x 0.7″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c!----\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45681606263019,"sku":"","price":7.37,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/Stepper-Motor-with-ULN2003A-Driver-1.jpg?v=1722237689"},{"product_id":"servo-tester","title":"Servo Tester","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSimple tester for servo motors or ECS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDESCRIPTION\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese are handy little devices for anyone that works with servos. They provide a simple way to test a servo to verify if it works or to exercise a servo built into a project such as a robotic arm without needing to do any programming.  It can also be handy for embedding into a simple project such as a Halloween prop where you want the prop to continuously swing back and forth.  They can also be used as a PWM input to an ESC (Electronic Speed Controller).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePACKAGE INCLUDES:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eServo Tester Module\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKEY FEATURES OF SERVO TESTER:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3 modes of operation\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eManual position mode using adjustment knob\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReturn to center\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAuto sweep back and forth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput connectors for up to 3 servos\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCan use as input for ESC to test operation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.8-6V operation and output pulse amplitude\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTheory of Operation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Inside-Look.jpg\"\u003e\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-11228 size-medium entered lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Inside-Look-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Servo Tester - Inside Look\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" data-lazy-srcset=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Inside-Look-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Inside-Look-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Inside-Look-249x187.jpg 249w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Inside-Look-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Inside-Look.jpg 800w\" data-lazy-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Inside-Look-300x225.jpg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Inside-Look-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Inside-Look-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Inside-Look-249x187.jpg 249w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Inside-Look-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Inside-Look.jpg 800w\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003eThe picture to the right shows what’s inside the module on the bottom side of the board so you’re not tempted to rip the enclosure off to see what is inside.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe 8-pin IC appears to be a microcontroller with the markings removed.  There are a bunch of 470 ohm resistors for providing current limiting for the three LEDs as well as the three PWM outputs.  The PWM outputs each have their own current limiting resistor, but they are all driven off the same signal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe power and ground pins on the input side pass straight through to the power and ground pins on the servo connectors with a few filtering caps thrown in.  Since the servos operate at 4.8 to 6V, the input needs to be fed with a power source between 4.8 and 6V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInputs\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe input side is a 3-pin male header.  Power is connected to ‘\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c\/strong\u003e‘ and ground is connected to ‘\u003cstrong\u003e–\u003c\/strong\u003e‘.  Current draw from the power supply will depend on the servo(s) being driven.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe ‘\u003cstrong\u003eS’ (\u003c\/strong\u003esignal) pin on the input side is not connected to anything and can be left unconnected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eOutputs\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe output is a 3×3 male header.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUp to 3 servos can be connected by a plugging the connectors in horizontally across the row of 3 pins.  The servo brown (ground) wire goes to ‘\u003cstrong\u003e–\u003c\/strong\u003e‘, the servo red (power) wire goes to ‘\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c\/strong\u003e‘ and the servo yellow\/orange (signal) wire goes ‘\u003cstrong\u003eS\u003c\/strong\u003e‘.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMODES OF OPERATION\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are 3 modes of operation. The blue LEDs indicate the currently active mode and the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSELECT\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebutton toggles between the different modes. When the device first powers up, the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eManual\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003emode is selected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMAN\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Manual Mode. Turning the knob controls the position of the servo. This is handy for testing the functionality of the servo in an application without having to setup an MCU with software.  If a servo is connected to the elbow of a mechanical arm, the arm can be exercised through its range using the control knob.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNEUTRAL\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Returns the servo to the center position.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAUTO\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e– Runs the servo continuously through its full range left and right approximately once per second. This can be handy for testing servos over time or to automate the movement of a device such as a prop that needs to swing back and forth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThis device is only designed to work with servos or as a PWM input to an ECS (Electronic Speed Control) unit. It is designed to drive a low current PWM output and simply pass power and ground through. It is not suitable to try to control DC motors directly using PWM as it cannot provide the necessary current.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMODULE CONNECTIONS\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInput\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e–\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e=  Ground\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e+\u003c\/b\u003e=  Power (4.8 – 6VDC)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eS\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e= No connect\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOutput to servo or ECS (x3)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e–\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e=  Ground\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e+\u003c\/b\u003e=  Power (4.8 – 6VDC)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eS\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e= PWM Output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOUR EVALUATION RESULTS:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese are simple yet clever little boxes that can be quite useful. We use them to exercise servos back and forth for extended periods of time when we are doing basic testing or to experiment with motion of articulated assemblies without having to mess around with hooking up an MCU and writing code.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-15451 entered lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Test-Setup.jpg\" alt=\"Servo Test Setup\" width=\"400\" height=\"278\" data-lazy-srcset=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Test-Setup.jpg 400w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Test-Setup-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Test-Setup-269x187.jpg 269w\" data-lazy-sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Test-Setup.jpg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Test-Setup.jpg 400w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Test-Setup-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Test-Setup-269x187.jpg 269w\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe packaging is an example of how to manufacture a device as cheaply as possible and it looks a bit like a plastic match box but it gets the job done.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe main criticism of the tester is that it will not necessarily exercise a servo through its full range of motion.  To avoid overdriving servos it keeps the PWM within a safe range.  That may mean that a 180° servo will only rotate 150° using this tester.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHere is a simple setup we made using one of these modules to exercise many servos at once.  It was taken out of the packaging and the output pins were soldered into one of our prototyping boards.  The module gets power through these output pins and the signal output is run to a row of header pins along with 5V and Gnd.  Power is supplied from an external bench power supply.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTroubleshooting Tips\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf the blue LEDs flicker during servo operation and the servo acts erratic, that generally indicates that the power to the unit doesn’t have enough current capability. We have seen this when we had the current limit set too low on our bench power supply.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf the device seems to reset on handling, it is usually due to intermittent power connections. We have seen this when using old breadboard jumpers that have gotten sloppy and tend to make intermittent contact when wiggled.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf the servo is a larger servo and seems to be responding poorly, ensure the power wiring isn’t dropping too much voltage. If the power supply is 5V, it is easy to get \u0026lt; 4.8V at the servo if using breadboard jumpers. In that case either use larger wiring to reduce the voltage drop or increase the 5V up to a maximum of 6V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBelow is a scope capture of a typical PWM waveform output with 5V power input.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11230 size-full entered lazyloaded\" alt=\"Servo Tester Waveform\" width=\"581\" height=\"165\" data-lazy-srcset=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Waveform.jpg 581w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Waveform-300x85.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Waveform-280x80.jpg 280w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Waveform-400x114.jpg 400w\" data-lazy-sizes=\"(max-width: 581px) 100vw, 581px\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Waveform.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Waveform.jpg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" sizes=\"(max-width: 581px) 100vw, 581px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Waveform.jpg 581w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Waveform-300x85.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Waveform-280x80.jpg 280w, https:\/\/protosupplies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Servo-Tester-Waveform-400x114.jpg 400w\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cpre class=\"copy-the-code-target\"\u003e\u003cbutton class=\"copy-the-code-button\" data-style=\"svg-icon\" title=\"Copy\"\u003e\u003csvg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" class=\"copy-icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" fill=\"currentColor\" focusable=\"false\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\u003c\/pre\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBEFORE THEY ARE SHIPPED, THESE MODULES ARE:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSample inspected and tested per incoming shipment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNotes: \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003eNone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-hover\" width=\"871\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOperational Ratings\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e    Vcc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eRange\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e4.8 – 6VDC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e    Frequency\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e49Hz measured (50Hz nominal)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e    PWM Pulse Amplitude\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003eSame as Vcc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"145\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"264\"\u003eL x W x H w\/out pins\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"229\"\u003e35 x 31 x 24mm (1.38 x 1.22 x 0.95″)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c!----\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45681613734123,"sku":"","price":6.87,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/Servo-Tester.jpg?v=1723005334"},{"product_id":"stepper-motor-driver-module-with-heat-sink-drv8825-a4988-expansion-board-for-3d-printer-arduino-uno-and-ramps-1-4-diy-projects","title":"Stepper Motor Driver Module with Heat Sink ¨C DRV8825 \/ A4988 Expansion Board for 3D Printer, Arduino UNO and RAMPS 1.4 DIY Projects","description":"\u003ch1\u003eSPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/h1\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eApplication\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eComputer\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBlack board size\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003e42.8*42.5*11.7mm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBrand Name\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eKeszoox\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eNew\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDissipation Power\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003e1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHigh-concerned chemical\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eNone\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOperating Temperature\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003e1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOrigin\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eMainland China\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePackage\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eSMD\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eQuantity\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003e1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRed board size\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003e41.6*34.2*10.1mm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSupply Voltage\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003e1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eType\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eVoltage Regulator\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eis_customized\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eYes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_text-image\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-family:OpenSans;font-size:20px;font-weight:900;line-height:28px;white-space:pre-wrap;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-bottom:12px\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-title\"\u003eSpecial Reminder:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-family:OpenSans;font-size:14px;font-weight:300;line-height:20px;white-space:pre-wrap;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-bottom:12px\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\"\u003ePay close attention to the orientation during installation. Incorrect installation may damage the driver or even the motherboard.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cimg class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S5bf70cf06c83431c9fe2d9ebf0d993a6D.png\" slate-data-type=\"image\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_text-image\"\u003e\u003cp style=\"font-family:OpenSans;font-size:14px;font-weight:300;line-height:20px;white-space:pre-wrap;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-bottom:12px\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\"\u003eName:\u003cbr\u003e4988\/8825 Stepper Motor Driver Module Expansion Board\u003cbr\u003eSpecifications:\u003cbr\u003e?Size: 42 ¡Á 42 ¡Á 15 mm\u003cbr\u003e?Mounting: 3 mm\u003cbr\u003e?Hole Spacing: 1400 ¡Á 1400 mil (35.56 ¡Á 35.56 mm)\u003cbr\u003e?Logic Voltage: 5V\u003cbr\u003e?Input Voltage: 12-30V\u003cbr\u003e?Port Type: Digital\u003cbr\u003e?Interface: Direction, Enable, Speed\u003cbr\u003e?Compatible Modules: A4988, DRV8825\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_text-image\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-family:OpenSans;font-size:20px;font-weight:900;line-height:28px;white-space:pre-wrap;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-bottom:12px\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-title\"\u003eNote:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-family:OpenSans;font-size:14px;font-weight:300;line-height:20px;white-space:pre-wrap;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-bottom:12px\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\"\u003eWhen installing the driver module, ensure correct orientation to avoid damaging the module.\u003cbr\u003eThis product is an expansion board only and does not include 4988\/8825 driver modules.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_text-image\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-family:OpenSans;font-size:20px;font-weight:900;line-height:28px;white-space:pre-wrap;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-bottom:12px\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-title\"\u003eProduct Introduction:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-family:OpenSans;font-size:14px;font-weight:300;line-height:20px;white-space:pre-wrap;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-bottom:12px\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\"\u003e1.Compatible with A4988\/DRV8825 drivers. Pay attention to the direction when inserting, as incorrect orientation may damage the driver.\u003cbr\u003e2.Set all jumpers to the ON DP position for 16 microsteps (A4988) or 32 microsteps (DRV8825).\u003cbr\u003e3.Connect the motor to JM.\u003cbr\u003e4.Connect the 5V and 12V-24V power supply to JV.\u003cbr\u003e5.JC's E\\S\\D\\G correspond to Enable\\Step\\Dir\\GND for driver signal output.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cimg class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sdaf6e889071242c5b876d7b5350dcb63t.png\" slate-data-type=\"image\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sed5843b6019f44f48b4392a7c6a6fe636.png\" slate-data-type=\"image\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_text-image\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-family:OpenSans;font-size:20px;font-weight:900;line-height:28px;white-space:pre-wrap;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-bottom:12px\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-title\"\u003eContact Us\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-family:OpenSans;font-size:14px;font-weight:300;line-height:20px;white-space:pre-wrap;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-bottom:12px\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\"\u003eIf You Have Any Questions, Please Feel Free To Contact Us. Our Office Hours Are Monday To Friday (Except Holidays).\u003cbr\u003eIf You Send An Email Outside Business Hours And Don¡¯t Receive A Reply, Rest Assured We Will Respond On The Next Business Day.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cimg class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sfbc518e390764cb0bbf08f06f648df31g.jpg\" slate-data-type=\"image\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Red board \/ CHINA","offer_id":46978922545387,"sku":"14:1202#Red board;200007763:201336100","price":2.68,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black board \/ CHINA","offer_id":46978922578155,"sku":"14:350852#Black board;200007763:201336100","price":2.92,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/stepper-motor-driver-module-drv8825-a4988.webp?v=1761029518"},{"product_id":"a4988-drv8825-stepper-motor-driver-heatsink-stepstick-3d-printer-arduino","title":"A4988 \/ DRV8825 Stepper Motor Driver Module with Heat Sink — StepStick for 3D Printers \u0026 Arduino","description":"\u003ch2\u003eA4988 \/ DRV8825 Stepper Motor Driver Module with Heat Sink — StepStick Carrier\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eA4988 and DRV8825 stepper motor driver modules\u003c\/strong\u003e are the industry-standard StepStick-format drivers used in RAMPS 1.4\/1.6 boards, 3D printer control boards (MKS, SKR, Creality), and Arduino CNC shields. Each module includes a pre-attached aluminum heat sink for thermal management at sustained current levels. Select the A4988 for standard 3D printer applications or the DRV8825 for higher current motors and finer microstepping.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Specifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eA4988\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDRV8825\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMax Output Current\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1A continuous (2A peak)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.5A continuous (2.2A peak)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor Supply Voltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e8V – 35V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e8.2V – 45V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMicrostepping\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFull, 1\/2, 1\/4, 1\/8, 1\/16\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFull, 1\/2, 1\/4, 1\/8, 1\/16, 1\/32\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLogic Voltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3.3V \/ 5V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3.3V \/ 5V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThermal Protection\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCurrent Adjust\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOnboard potentiometer (Vref)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOnboard potentiometer (Vref)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHeat Sink\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIncluded\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIncluded\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n  \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eForm Factor\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStepStick (Pololu-compatible)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStepStick (Pololu-compatible)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eA4988 vs DRV8825 — Which to Choose?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eA4988\u003c\/strong\u003e — Best for standard NEMA 17 motors in 3D printers (Ender 3, CR-10, Prusa i3). Proven, widely supported, easy to tune.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDRV8825\u003c\/strong\u003e — Better for higher-current motors, quieter operation at 1\/32 microstepping, and higher voltage systems. Requires a 100μF capacitor on VMOT to prevent voltage spikes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eTypical Applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e3D printer axis motors (X, Y, Z, extruder) on RAMPS 1.4\/1.6, MKS Gen, SKR boards\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eArduino CNC shield for laser engravers and CNC routers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eTelescope mount and camera slider motor control\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eRobotic arm and pan-tilt mechanism control\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAutomated curtain, blind, and valve actuator projects\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eFrequently Asked Questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eQ: How do I set the current limit?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeasure the Vref voltage at the potentiometer wiper with a multimeter. For A4988: \u003cstrong\u003eImax = Vref \/ 0.8\u003c\/strong\u003e. For DRV8825: \u003cstrong\u003eImax = Vref \/ 0.5\u003c\/strong\u003e. Set Vref to achieve your desired current limit. Start low and increase gradually while monitoring motor temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eQ: Do I need to add a capacitor for the DRV8825?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. Texas Instruments recommends a \u003cstrong\u003e100μF electrolytic capacitor\u003c\/strong\u003e across the VMOT and GND pins to suppress voltage spikes from motor back-EMF. Without it, the DRV8825 may be damaged by transient overvoltage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003ePackage Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e1× A4988 or DRV8825 Stepper Motor Driver Module (select variant)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e1× Aluminum heat sink (pre-attached)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"A4988 Red","offer_id":46981893488875,"sku":"14:10#A4988 Red","price":5.32,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"A4988 Green","offer_id":46981893521643,"sku":"14:200004870#A4988 Green","price":5.32,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"DRV8825","offer_id":46981893554411,"sku":"14:202693815#DRV8825","price":6.04,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/a4988-drv8825-stepper-motor-driver-heat-sink-arduino.webp?v=1761113384"},{"product_id":"l298n-dual-h-bridge-motor-driver-module-for-dc-stepper-motors-smart-robot-car-and-arduino-projects","title":"L298N Dual H-Bridge Motor Driver Module for DC Stepper Motors, Smart Robot Car and Arduino Projects","description":"\u003ch2\u003eL298N Dual H-Bridge Motor Driver Module — DC \u0026amp; Stepper Motors, Arduino \u0026amp; Robot Car\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA versatile dual H-bridge motor driver module based on the ST L298N IC, capable of driving two DC motors independently (forward\/reverse\/speed control) or one bipolar stepper motor (full-step, half-step, or microstepping). Supports motor supply voltages from 5V to 35V DC with up to 2A continuous current per channel (4A peak), making it suitable for small to medium-sized DC motors and NEMA 17 stepper motors in Arduino robot cars, CNC machines, and automation projects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDriver IC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eST L298N (dual full H-bridge)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor Supply Voltage (VM)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5V – 35V DC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLogic Supply Voltage (VCC)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5V (onboard 5V regulator from VM, if VM \u0026gt; 7V)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eContinuous Output Current\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2A per channel\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePeak Output Current\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3A per channel (short duration)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMax Power Dissipation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25W (with heatsink)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM Frequency\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUp to 40kHz\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOperating Temperature\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e−20°C to +135°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLogic Input Voltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3.3V \/ 5V compatible\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProtection\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThermal shutdown, overcurrent protection (L298N IC)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOnboard 5V Regulator\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYes (78M05, active when VM \u0026gt; 7V)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimensions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~43 × 43 × 27mm (with heatsink)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003ePin Reference\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePin \/ Terminal\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eFunction\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVM (12V)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor power supply (5–35V DC)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGND\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCommon ground\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5V (output)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5V logic output from onboard regulator (when VM \u0026gt; 7V)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIN1, IN2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDirection control for Motor A (HIGH\/LOW logic)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIN3, IN4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDirection control for Motor B\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eENA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM speed control for Motor A (remove jumper for PWM)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eENB\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM speed control for Motor B\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOUT1, OUT2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor A output terminals\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOUT3, OUT4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor B output terminals\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eTypical Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eArduino Robot Car:\u003c\/strong\u003e Drive two DC gear motors for differential steering in 2WD and 4WD robot car kits. Control speed via PWM on ENA\/ENB and direction via IN1–IN4.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBipolar Stepper Motor Control:\u003c\/strong\u003e Drive NEMA 17 (1.7A) and NEMA 23 (2A) stepper motors for CNC router axes, 3D printer extruders, and camera sliders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSmart Vehicle Projects:\u003c\/strong\u003e Motor control for line-following robots, maze-solving robots, and obstacle-avoidance vehicles with ultrasonic sensors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePeltier (TEC) Module Control:\u003c\/strong\u003e H-bridge control of Peltier thermoelectric cooler modules for temperature regulation in DIY cooling systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConveyor \u0026amp; Actuator Control:\u003c\/strong\u003e DC motor control for small conveyor belts, linear actuators, and automated dispensing mechanisms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eArduino Wiring Example (2 DC Motors)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnect VM to 9–12V DC power supply; GND to Arduino GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnect 5V output to Arduino 5V (if using onboard regulator)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIN1 → Arduino D8 | IN2 → D9 | IN3 → D10 | IN4 → D11\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eENA → Arduino D5 (PWM) | ENB → D6 (PWM) — remove ENA\/ENB jumpers first\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse \u003ccode\u003eanalogWrite(ENA, 150)\u003c\/code\u003e for 60% speed; \u003ccode\u003edigitalWrite(IN1, HIGH); digitalWrite(IN2, LOW)\u003c\/code\u003e for forward\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: Can the L298N module drive a NEMA 17 stepper motor?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: Yes. Wire the stepper coils to OUT1\/OUT2 (Coil A) and OUT3\/OUT4 (Coil B). Use the Arduino Stepper library or AccelStepper library with IN1–IN4 for step\/direction control. Ensure the stepper rated current is ≤2A per coil.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: Why does the L298N get hot during operation?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: The L298N has a relatively high voltage drop (~2V per H-bridge), causing significant power dissipation at high currents. Ensure the heatsink is properly attached and consider adding a small fan for continuous high-current operation. For efficiency-critical applications, consider a DRV8833 or TB6612FNG driver instead.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: Can I use 3.3V logic (ESP32, STM32) with this module?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: Yes. The L298N logic inputs are compatible with 3.3V logic levels. Connect ESP32 or STM32 GPIO pins directly to IN1–IN4 and ENA\/ENB without a level shifter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003ePackage Contents\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1 × L298N dual H-bridge motor driver module (with heatsink pre-installed)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46981893849323,"sku":"\u003cnone\u003e","price":12.6,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/l298n-dual-h-bridge-motor-driver-module-arduino-robot.webp?v=1761113255"},{"product_id":"l298n-dual-h-bridge-motor-driver-board-module-for-dc-and-stepper-motors-robot-car-control","title":"L298N Dual H-Bridge Motor Driver Board Module for DC and Stepper Motors Robot Car Control","description":"\u003ch1\u003eSPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/h1\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBrand Name\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eKeszoox\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChoice\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eyes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eNew\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDissipation Power\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eStandard\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHigh-concerned chemical\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eNone\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOperating Temperature\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eStandard\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOrigin\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eMainland China\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSupply Voltage\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eStandard\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eType\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eModule\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eis_customized\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eYes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_html\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detail-desc-decorate-richtext\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_text\"\u003e\n \u003cp class=\"detail-desc-decorate-title\" style=\"color:#000000;text-align:left;font-size:20px;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:12px;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;text-overflow:ellipsis;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n \u003cp class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\" style=\"color:#000000;text-align:None;font-size:12px;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:2px;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;text-overflow:ellipsis;\"\u003eNote:\u003c\/p\u003e\n \u003cp class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\" style=\"color:#000000;text-align:None;font-size:12px;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:2px;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;text-overflow:ellipsis;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n \u003cp class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\" style=\"color:#000000;text-align:None;font-size:12px;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:2px;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;text-overflow:ellipsis;\"\u003e1. When your driving voltage (marked as 12V input in the above figure, the actual acceptable input range is 7-12V) is 7-12V, you can enable the on-board 5V logic power supply. When using the on-board 5V power supply, 5V in the interface\u003c\/p\u003e\n \u003cp class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\" style=\"color:#000000;text-align:None;font-size:12px;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:2px;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;text-overflow:ellipsis;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n \u003cp class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\" style=\"color:#000000;text-align:None;font-size:12px;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:2px;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;text-overflow:ellipsis;\"\u003eThe power supply does not need to input voltage, but 5V voltage can be drawn for external use. (This is a regular application!)\u003c\/p\u003e\n \u003cp class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\" style=\"color:#000000;text-align:None;font-size:12px;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:2px;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;text-overflow:ellipsis;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n \u003cp class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\" style=\"color:#000000;text-align:None;font-size:12px;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:2px;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;text-overflow:ellipsis;\"\u003e2. When the driving voltage is higher than 12V and less than or equal to 24V (the chip manual proposes to support 35V, but according to\u003c\/p\u003e\n \u003cp class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\" style=\"color:#000000;text-align:None;font-size:12px;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:2px;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;text-overflow:ellipsis;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n \u003cp class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\" style=\"color:#000000;text-align:None;font-size:12px;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:2px;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;text-overflow:ellipsis;\"\u003eIt is already remarkable to test the conservative application voltage support to 24V in general 298!) When, for example, to drive a rated voltage\u003c\/p\u003e\n \u003cp class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\" style=\"color:#000000;text-align:None;font-size:12px;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:2px;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;text-overflow:ellipsis;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n \u003cp class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\" style=\"color:#000000;text-align:None;font-size:12px;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:2px;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;text-overflow:ellipsis;\"\u003e18V motor. The jumper cap for the onboard 5V output enable must first be removed. Then connect 5V externally to the 5V output port\u003c\/p\u003e\n \u003cp class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\" style=\"color:#000000;text-align:None;font-size:12px;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:2px;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;text-overflow:ellipsis;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n \u003cp class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\" style=\"color:#000000;text-align:None;font-size:12px;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:2px;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;text-overflow:ellipsis;\"\u003e5V enable is a control signal with a level of 5V. When this signal input is valid and the power supply in the motor drive module is normal, the motor drive module outputs current. Otherwise, even if the power supply is normal, there is no current on the motor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n \u003cp class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\" style=\"color:#000000;text-align:None;font-size:12px;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:2px;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;text-overflow:ellipsis;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n \u003cp class=\"detail-desc-decorate-content\" style=\"color:#000000;text-align:None;font-size:12px;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:2px;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;text-overflow:ellipsis;\"\u003eThe voltage supplies the L298N internal logic circuit. (This is an unconventional application of high-voltage drive!)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_image\"\u003e\n \u003cimg class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S7c12af68671947e19b5f50c0cfd5f6ef9.jpg\" data-src=\"D:\\全球交易助手\\产品管理\\Platforms\\AliChoice\\Data\\AliChoice-cn1093225002neeae-6000948202\\Images\\42ae444b7a6f4ca2969733251ad8ad0d\\dImgNew\\DImgNew2_gqirc12n.jpg\"\u003e\n \u003cimg class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S1d281d9d549242f0ac6c436f0b1d0ab6E.jpg\" data-src=\"D:\\全球交易助手\\产品管理\\Platforms\\AliChoice\\Data\\AliChoice-cn1093225002neeae-6000948202\\Images\\42ae444b7a6f4ca2969733251ad8ad0d\\dImgNew\\DImgNew3_gqirc12n.jpg\"\u003e\n \u003cimg class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S451c1ebfc9604436af53aca77155df07I.jpg\" data-src=\"D:\\全球交易助手\\产品管理\\Platforms\\AliChoice\\Data\\AliChoice-cn1093225002neeae-6000948202\\Images\\42ae444b7a6f4ca2969733251ad8ad0d\\dImgNew\\DImgNew4_gqirc12n.jpg\"\u003e\n \u003cimg class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S0e303c2fb36643aca288618fff68ec28v.jpg\" data-src=\"D:\\全球交易助手\\产品管理\\Platforms\\AliChoice\\Data\\AliChoice-cn1093225002neeae-6000948202\\Images\\42ae444b7a6f4ca2969733251ad8ad0d\\dImgNew\\DImgNew5_gqirc12n.jpg\"\u003e\n \u003cimg class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sbb6d35d9c77d4befae0d699f8dafb1b6j.jpg\" data-src=\"D:\\全球交易助手\\产品管理\\Platforms\\AliChoice\\Data\\AliChoice-cn1093225002neeae-6000948202\\Images\\42ae444b7a6f4ca2969733251ad8ad0d\\dImgNew\\DImgNew6_gqirc12n.jpg\"\u003e\n \u003cimg class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sfa5052da010a431dabe2b5e31f439457O.jpg\" data-src=\"D:\\全球交易助手\\产品管理\\Platforms\\AliChoice\\Data\\AliChoice-cn1093225002neeae-6000948202\\Images\\42ae444b7a6f4ca2969733251ad8ad0d\\dImgNew\\DImgNew7_gqirc12n.jpg\"\u003e\n \u003cimg class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sf53cc8806cf346dd9660d2a37884e0e70.jpg\" data-src=\"D:\\全球交易助手\\产品管理\\Platforms\\AliChoice\\Data\\AliChoice-cn1093225002neeae-6000948202\\Images\\42ae444b7a6f4ca2969733251ad8ad0d\\dImgNew\\DImgNew8_wfo7l18o.jpg\"\u003e\n \u003cimg class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sf36ad914b00e4ce4bc3f31502d256711k.jpg\" data-src=\"D:\\全球交易助手\\产品管理\\Platforms\\AliChoice\\Data\\AliChoice-cn1093225002neeae-6000948202\\Images\\42ae444b7a6f4ca2969733251ad8ad0d\\dImgNew\\DImgNew9_wfo7l18o.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_image\"\u003e\n \u003cimg class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S0e21b31a354d4289bbadaf8a3b46d5b4o.jpg\" data-src=\"D:\\全球交易助手\\产品管理\\Platforms\\AliChoice\\Data\\AliChoice-cn1093225002neeae-6000948202\\Images\\42ae444b7a6f4ca2969733251ad8ad0d\\dImgNew\\DImgNew10_nfpqcpnd.jpg\"\u003e\n \u003cimg class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S4773dcc652a4420b89fc2d6ee201354eA.jpg\" data-src=\"D:\\全球交易助手\\产品管理\\Platforms\\AliChoice\\Data\\AliChoice-cn1093225002neeae-6000948202\\Images\\42ae444b7a6f4ca2969733251ad8ad0d\\dImgNew\\DImgNew11_nfpqcpnd.jpg\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\r\n","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"L298N","offer_id":46985528901867,"sku":"14:1202#L298N","price":13.32,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"New L298N","offer_id":46985528934635,"sku":"14:350852#New L298N","price":17.04,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/l298n-dual-h-bridge-motor-driver-board-module.webp?v=1761273655"},{"product_id":"16-channel-12-bit-pwm-servo-driver-module-pca9685-with-i2c-interface-for-arduino-and-raspberry-pi","title":"16-Channel 12-Bit PWM Servo Driver Module PCA9685 with I2C Interface for Arduino and Raspberry Pi","description":"\u003ch1\u003eSPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/h1\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBrand Name\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eKeszoox\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChoice\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eyes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eNew\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDissipation Power\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eStandard\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHigh-concerned chemical\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eNone\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOperating Temperature\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eStandard\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOrigin\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eMainland China\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSupply Voltage\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eStandard\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eType\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eModule\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eis_customized\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eYes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_image\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S360a27c7d3dc4006b723961a6c02a2f2v.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sbcb47f892d4e478d9679d336f7e8e078I.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sf8dd5aac4fcd45a38812c89d8ec2548eP.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S61e7b8325af64b52b6571deab015c7c2h.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sa1ae75515c5e4e6f92584ba65d75fa37X.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sa652b4e5b51f48eeb509486197bfe6931.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S845b049e41cd4b37a33ecb10549340a8q.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_image\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S0e21b31a354d4289bbadaf8a3b46d5b4o.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S4773dcc652a4420b89fc2d6ee201354eA.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\r\n","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46985543483627,"sku":"\u003cnone\u003e","price":14.08,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/pca9685-16ch-12bit-pwm-servo-driver.webp?v=1761199505"},{"product_id":"metal-alloy-robot-manipulator-mechanical-arm-claw-kit-mg996r-for-arduino-robotics","title":"Metal Alloy Robot Manipulator Mechanical Arm Claw Kit MG996R for Arduino Robotics","description":"\u003ch1\u003eSPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/h1\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eApplication\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eElectric Toy\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBrand Name\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eKeszoox\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eNew\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDissipation Power\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eStandard\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFunctions\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eElectronic Module\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHigh-concerned chemical\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eNone\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOperating Temperature\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eStandard\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOrigin\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eMainland China\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePackage\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eSMD\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRange of application\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eSwitch And Sensor For Arduino STM\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSupply Voltage\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eStandard\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eType\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eModule\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eis_customized\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eYes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_html\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detail-desc-decorate-richtext\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"width:1000px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S3d37943c254a44599f05830cadbd0b33W.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S3d37943c254a44599f05830cadbd0b33W.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"width:1000px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S40180e880a444ea6bf2a1b4e10df539eG.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S40180e880a444ea6bf2a1b4e10df539eG.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"width:1000px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S60eae6a3e89f491f9f8d4d4d09c469660.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S60eae6a3e89f491f9f8d4d4d09c469660.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"width:1000px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S7a9f7b74da3046cd8e585f6a7d0086eb8.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S7a9f7b74da3046cd8e585f6a7d0086eb8.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"width:1000px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S7772981bd2d44912998db8be7750245aq.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S7772981bd2d44912998db8be7750245aq.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"width:1000px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S2365d75db967476b90ca47a7ad99d8cfM.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S2365d75db967476b90ca47a7ad99d8cfM.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\r\n","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"silver","offer_id":46991425339627,"sku":"14:1202#silver","price":20.72,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"black","offer_id":46991425372395,"sku":"14:350852#black","price":21.52,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/metal-robot-manipulator-mg996r-claw.webp?v=1761889000"},{"product_id":"cnc-shield-v3-expansion-board-for-engraving-machine-and-3d-printer-with-a4988-drv8825-drivers","title":"CNC Shield V3 Expansion Board for Engraving Machine and 3D Printer with A4988\/DRV8825 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style=\"color:#333\"\u003e-40-+85\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOrigin\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eMainland China\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePackage\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eDIY KIT\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRange of application\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eSwitch And Sensor For Arduino STM\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSupply Voltage\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003e...\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eType\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eModule\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eis_customized\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eYes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_html\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detail-desc-decorate-richtext\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"width:1000px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S4037fb89b940431e971082b22696f8bdw.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S4037fb89b940431e971082b22696f8bdw.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"width:1000px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S5e5f34b99c2e45f59b38bb71642b66323.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S5e5f34b99c2e45f59b38bb71642b66323.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"width:1000px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sfd41a9b3188640b1b3e345478f9f86d44.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sfd41a9b3188640b1b3e345478f9f86d44.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"width:1000px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sa2088e3d748b4342be3ed5717bf094d0o.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sa2088e3d748b4342be3ed5717bf094d0o.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"width:1000px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sa0e902d5e68049cbb8dc47491dd06fbeQ.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sa0e902d5e68049cbb8dc47491dd06fbeQ.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"width:1000px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Seee4db6272f14b91acb253b30eda69d3z.jpg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Seee4db6272f14b91acb253b30eda69d3z.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\r\n","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"DRV8825 1set","offer_id":46991427010795,"sku":"14:350852#DRV8825 1set","price":27.32,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"a4988 1set","offer_id":46991427043563,"sku":"14:1202#a4988 1set","price":19.72,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/cnc-shield-v3-expansion-board-a4988-drv8825.webp?v=1761885188"},{"product_id":"micro-servo-tester-sg90-mg90s-sg92r-4-8-6v-pwm-signal-generator-arduino-rc","title":"Micro Servo Tester — SG90 \/ MG90S \/ SG92R, 4.8–6V, PWM Signal Generator, Arduino \u0026 RC","description":"\u003ch2\u003eMicro Servo Tester — SG90 \/ MG90S \/ SG92R, PWM Signal Generator, Manual \/ Auto \/ Neutral Modes\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis \u003cstrong\u003emicro servo tester\u003c\/strong\u003e generates standard PWM servo signals (1–2ms pulse, 50Hz) to test and calibrate servo motors without a microcontroller or RC receiver. Compatible with SG90, MG90S, SG92R, and most standard hobby servos, it features three operating modes — Manual, Auto sweep, and Neutral — making it an essential bench tool for Arduino servo development, RC model setup, and robotic arm calibration.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eKey Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCompatible Servos\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSG90, MG90S, SG92R, standard hobby servos\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSupply Voltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4.8V – 6V (servo power)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM Output\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1–2ms pulse width, 50Hz frequency\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOperating Modes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eManual, Auto sweep, Neutral\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOperating Temperature\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-30°C to +60°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConnector\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStandard 3-pin servo connector (Signal\/VCC\/GND)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003ch3\u003eOperating Modes Explained\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eManual mode\u003c\/strong\u003e — turn the knob to set any servo position from 0° to 180° manually\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAuto sweep mode\u003c\/strong\u003e — servo automatically sweeps full range continuously for range and speed testing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNeutral mode\u003c\/strong\u003e — outputs fixed 1.5ms pulse to center the servo at 90° (neutral position)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003eWhy Choose This Servo Tester?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003eNo microcontroller needed\u003c\/strong\u003e — test servos directly from a battery or BEC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003e3 test modes\u003c\/strong\u003e — manual, auto sweep, and neutral for comprehensive testing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003eStandard 3-pin connector\u003c\/strong\u003e — plug-and-play with SG90, MG90S, SG92R and most hobby servos\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003e4.8–6V supply\u003c\/strong\u003e — powered directly from RC battery pack or BEC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003eCompact and portable\u003c\/strong\u003e — fits in a toolbox for field use\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003eTypical Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eServo motor function and range testing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRC model servo calibration before installation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArduino servo project development and debugging\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eServo center point (neutral) calibration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRobotic arm servo position verification\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eServo speed and torque comparison testing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003ePackage Contents\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e1 × Micro Servo Tester (PWM Signal Generator)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"SG90","offer_id":46991432155371,"sku":"14:10#SG90","price":8.32,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"SG90 1set","offer_id":46991432188139,"sku":"14:94#SG90 1set","price":816.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"MG90S","offer_id":46991432220907,"sku":"14:29#MG90S","price":8.96,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Bracket","offer_id":46991432253675,"sku":"14:175#Bracket","price":5.96,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"MG90S 1set","offer_id":46991432286443,"sku":"14:173#MG90S 1set","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"SG92R","offer_id":46991432319211,"sku":"14:193#SG92R","price":9.36,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/smart-micro-servo-tester-sg90-mg90s-sg92r-arduino-rc-models.webp?v=1761882563"},{"product_id":"mg90s-9g-digital-micro-servo-metal-gear-1-8kg-cm-4-8-6v-rc-arduino","title":"MG90S 9g Digital Micro Servo — Metal Gear, 1.8kg·cm Torque, 4.8–6V, for RC \u0026 Arduino","description":"\u003ch2\u003eMG90S 9g Digital Micro Servo — Metal Gear, 1.8kg·cm Torque, 4.8–6V\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eMG90S\u003c\/strong\u003e is a compact 9g digital micro servo featuring \u003cstrong\u003emetal gears\u003c\/strong\u003e for significantly improved durability and torque compared to the plastic-gear SG90. With 1.8kg·cm stall torque at 4.8V and a fast 0.1s\/60° response, it is the preferred servo for Arduino robotics, RC aircraft control surfaces, robotic arms, and any application where the SG90's plastic gears are insufficient.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eKey Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13.4g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimensions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e22.5 × 12 × 35.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStall Torque\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.8kg·cm (4.8V) \/ 2.2kg·cm (6V)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOperating Speed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.1s \/ 60° (4.8V)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSupply Voltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4.8V – 6V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGear Type\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMetal (brass\/steel)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eControl Signal\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM (1–2ms pulse, 50Hz)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConnector\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStandard 3-pin (Signal\/VCC\/GND)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOperating Temperature\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0°C to +55°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003ch3\u003eMG90S vs SG90 — Which to Choose?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eFeature\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMG90S\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSG90\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGear Material\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMetal (brass\/steel)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePlastic\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStall Torque\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.8kg·cm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.6kg·cm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDurability\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigh (metal gears)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLower (plastic strips under load)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWeight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13.4g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBest For\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRobotics, RC aircraft, heavy loads\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLight loads, educational projects\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003ch3\u003eWhy Choose MG90S?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003eMetal gears\u003c\/strong\u003e — won't strip under load like plastic SG90 gears\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003e1.8–2.2kg·cm torque\u003c\/strong\u003e — handles heavier control surfaces and robotic joints\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003eDigital servo\u003c\/strong\u003e — faster response and better holding torque than analog\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003eStandard 3-pin connector\u003c\/strong\u003e — plug-and-play with Arduino Servo library\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003eCompact 9g form factor\u003c\/strong\u003e — fits standard SG90 mounting holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003eTypical Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArduino robotic arm joint control\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRC helicopter swashplate and tail rotor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRC airplane control surface (aileron, elevator, rudder)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRC boat steering servo\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePan-tilt camera gimbal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHumanoid robot joint actuator\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003ePackage Contents\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1 × MG90S 9g Digital Micro Servo (metal gear)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMounting screws and servo horns\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Default 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The included ULN2003 driver board uses four ULN2003A Darlington transistor arrays to drive the motor’s four coils directly from Arduino or ESP32 GPIO pins. This is the most popular stepper motor kit for Arduino beginners, providing precise angular positioning for clock mechanisms, camera sliders, valve actuators, and educational robotics projects.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eKey Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor Model\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e28BYJ-48\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSupply Voltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5V DC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePhase\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4-phase unipolar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStep Angle (full-step)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5.625° (64 steps\/rev before gear)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGear Ratio\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1:64 (approximately)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSteps per Revolution (half-step)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4096 steps (64 × 64 × 2)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNo-Load Speed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~15 RPM (at 5V, half-step)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCoil Resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~50Ω per phase\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDriver Board\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eULN2003A (4-channel Darlington array)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDriver Input\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4 GPIO pins (IN1–IN4)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003ch3\u003e28BYJ-48 vs NEMA 17 — Which Stepper?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eFeature\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e28BYJ-48 + ULN2003\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eNEMA 17 + A4988\/DRV8825\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVoltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e12–24V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTorque\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLow (~34mN·m)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigh (~40–65 N·cm)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSteps\/rev\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4096 (half-step, with gear)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e200 (1.8°\/step)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpeed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSlow (~15 RPM)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFast (up to 1000+ RPM)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDriver cost\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVery low (ULN2003)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigher (A4988, DRV8825)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBest for\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLow-torque precision positioning, education\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3D printer, CNC, high-torque applications\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003ch3\u003eWhy Choose 28BYJ-48 + ULN2003?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e4096 steps\/rev\u003c\/strong\u003e — extremely fine angular resolution for clock hands, camera sliders, and valve control\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e5V operation\u003c\/strong\u003e — powered directly from Arduino 5V pin or USB power bank\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eULN2003 driver included\u003c\/strong\u003e — no additional motor driver IC needed, plug-and-play with Arduino\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGear reduction\u003c\/strong\u003e — 1:64 gear ratio multiplies torque for driving small loads\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eArduino Stepper library\u003c\/strong\u003e — built-in library support, beginner-friendly\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003eCompatible With\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eArduino UNO\/Nano\u003c\/strong\u003e: Arduino Stepper library or AccelStepper library — connect IN1–IN4 to 4 digital pins\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eESP32 \/ ESP8266\u003c\/strong\u003e: AccelStepper library at 3.3V GPIO (ULN2003 input accepts 3.3V)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRaspberry Pi\u003c\/strong\u003e: RPi.GPIO with 4-pin step sequence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroPython\u003c\/strong\u003e: machine.Pin + manual step sequence or stepper library\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003eFrequently Asked Questions\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: How do I control 28BYJ-48 with Arduino?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: Connect IN1–IN4 on the ULN2003 board to Arduino pins D8–D11. Connect motor power (5V) to Arduino 5V and GND to GND. Use the AccelStepper library: \u003ccode\u003eAccelStepper stepper(AccelStepper::HALF4WIRE, 8, 10, 9, 11); stepper.setMaxSpeed(500); stepper.setAcceleration(100); stepper.moveTo(4096);\u003c\/code\u003e 4096 steps = 1 full revolution in half-step mode.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: Why is my 28BYJ-48 vibrating but not rotating?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: The most common cause is incorrect step sequence. The 28BYJ-48 requires a specific 4-phase step sequence (IN1→IN2→IN3→IN4 or half-step equivalent). If using the Arduino Stepper library, use pin order: IN1, IN3, IN2, IN4 (not IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4). The AccelStepper library with HALF4WIRE mode handles this automatically.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: Can I run 28BYJ-48 faster than 15 RPM?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: The 28BYJ-48 is limited to ~15 RPM at 5V in half-step mode due to the gear ratio and coil inductance. Running faster causes missed steps and loss of torque. 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Choose?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eFeature\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDRV8825\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eA4988\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMax Current\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.5A\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.0A\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMicrostepping\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1\/32\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1\/16\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVoltage Range\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e8.2–45V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e8–35V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStep Resolution\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigher (smoother motion)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStandard\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePrice\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSlightly 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Essential for servo setup, troubleshooting, and robot arm calibration.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eKey Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCompatible Servos\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSG90, MG90S, SG92R, and most standard 3-wire servos\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSupply Voltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4.8V – 6V DC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOperating Modes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3 (Manual \/ Auto Sweep \/ Neutral)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM Output\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStandard servo PWM (1–2ms pulse, 50Hz)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eServo Channels\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 (3-pin connector)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOperating Temperature\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-30°C to +60°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOrigin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMainland China\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003e3 Operating Modes\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMode\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eFunction\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eUse Case\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eManual\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eKnob controls servo position\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSet specific angle, test range of motion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuto Sweep\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eServo sweeps full range automatically\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCheck servo travel, identify binding or stalling\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNeutral\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eServo moves to center (90°)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCenter servo before installing horn or linkage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eWhy Choose This Servo Tester?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNo Arduino or programming needed\u003c\/strong\u003e — standalone operation with power and servo only\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e3 test modes\u003c\/strong\u003e — covers manual positioning, sweep testing, and neutral centering\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCompatible with all standard servos\u003c\/strong\u003e — SG90, MG90S, SG92R, and any 3-wire PWM servo\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e4.8–6V supply\u003c\/strong\u003e — power directly from 4×AA batteries or a 5V USB power bank\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCompact size\u003c\/strong\u003e — fits in a toolbox for field use at RC events and workshops\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eTypical Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eServo setup \u0026amp; centering\u003c\/strong\u003e — center servo before installing control horn and linkage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRobot arm calibration\u003c\/strong\u003e — set each joint servo to known position before assembly\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRC vehicle \u0026amp; aircraft testing\u003c\/strong\u003e — verify servo travel and direction without transmitter\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eServo troubleshooting\u003c\/strong\u003e — identify faulty servos by testing independently\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eClassroom \u0026amp; workshop demos\u003c\/strong\u003e — demonstrate servo operation without microcontroller setup\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eCompatible With\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eWorks with all standard \u003cstrong\u003e3-wire PWM servos\u003c\/strong\u003e including SG90, SG92R, MG90S, MG996R, DS3218, and most hobby-grade servos. Also compatible with digital servos that accept standard 50Hz PWM signals. \u003cstrong\u003eNot compatible\u003c\/strong\u003e with continuous rotation servos in manual mode (they will spin rather than position).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: Can I power this tester from a USB power bank?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: Yes. A 5V USB power bank works perfectly. Use a USB to bare wire cable or a USB breakout board to connect 5V and GND to the tester.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: Does it work with MG996R high-torque servos?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: Yes, as long as your power supply can deliver sufficient current. 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The LED indicator changes to show the current mode.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003ePackage Contents\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e1× Mini Servo Tester\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"SG90 1set","offer_id":46991474753771,"sku":"14:94#SG90 1set","price":6.16,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"MG90S 1set","offer_id":46991474786539,"sku":"14:173#MG90S 1set","price":7.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"SG90","offer_id":46991474819307,"sku":"14:10#SG90","price":5.32,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"MG90S","offer_id":46991474852075,"sku":"14:29#MG90S","price":5.96,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Bracket","offer_id":46991474884843,"sku":"14:175#Bracket","price":2.96,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"SG92R","offer_id":46991474917611,"sku":"14:193#SG92R","price":6.36,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/rc-mini-micro-servo-tester-sg90-mg90s-sg92r-arduino.webp?v=1761631151"},{"product_id":"pca9685-16ch-12bit-pwm-servo-driver-i2c-chainable-raspberry-pi-arduino","title":"PCA9685 16-Channel 12-Bit PWM Servo Driver — I²C, Chainable, Raspberry Pi \u0026 Arduino","description":"\u003ch2\u003ePCA9685 16-Channel 12-Bit PWM Servo Driver\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003ePCA9685\u003c\/strong\u003e is a dedicated \u003cstrong\u003e16-channel, 12-bit PWM driver\u003c\/strong\u003e from NXP with I2C interface. It offloads all PWM generation from your microcontroller, freeing GPIO pins and CPU cycles. With \u003cstrong\u003e4096 steps per channel\u003c\/strong\u003e and configurable I2C address (0x40-0x7F), up to \u003cstrong\u003e62 boards can be chained\u003c\/strong\u003e for 992 total PWM channels.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eKey Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM Channels\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e16\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eResolution\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e12-bit (4096 steps)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM Frequency\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24Hz to 1526Hz\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInterface\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eI2C (SDA, SCL)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eI2C Address\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0x40 to 0x7F (64 addresses)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChainable\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUp to 62 boards (992 channels)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLogic Supply\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.3V to 5.5V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eServo Power (V+)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUp to 6V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOutput Current\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25mA per pin max\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eWhy Choose PCA9685?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e16 channels, 2 wires\u003c\/strong\u003e - control 16 servos via I2C only\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e12-bit resolution\u003c\/strong\u003e - 4096 steps for smooth servo positioning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChainable to 992 channels\u003c\/strong\u003e - scale to large robot systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSeparate servo power rail\u003c\/strong\u003e - power servos independently from logic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e3.3V and 5V compatible\u003c\/strong\u003e - works with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP32\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eTypical Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRobot arm control\u003c\/strong\u003e - drive 6-16 servos for multi-axis robot arm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHexapod \/ quadruped robot\u003c\/strong\u003e - control 12-18 leg servos from single I2C bus\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePan-tilt camera mount\u003c\/strong\u003e - precise 2-axis servo positioning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLED dimming\u003c\/strong\u003e - 12-bit PWM for 16 independent LED channels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAnimatronics\u003c\/strong\u003e - multi-servo movement control\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: Can I power servos from the module?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: Yes. Connect 5-6V to V+ terminal. Use a separate supply, not the Arduino 5V pin.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: How to set I2C address?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: Solder A0-A5 pads to set address 0x40-0x7F. Default is 0x40.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: What PWM frequency for servos?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: 50Hz is standard for most hobby servos.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003ePackage Contents\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e1x PCA9685 16-Channel 12-Bit PWM Servo Driver Module\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46991476785387,"sku":"\u003cnone\u003e","price":11.88,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/pca9685-16-channel-12bit-pwm-servo-driver-i2c-module.webp?v=1761629997"},{"product_id":"pca9685-16ch-12bit-pwm-servo-driver-i2c-arduino-raspberry-pi-led","title":"PCA9685 16-Channel 12-Bit PWM Servo Driver — I²C, Arduino, Raspberry Pi, LED Control","description":"\u003ch2\u003ePCA9685 — 16-Channel 12-Bit PWM Servo Driver (I²C)\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003ePCA9685\u003c\/strong\u003e is a dedicated 16-channel, 12-bit PWM controller with I²C interface, designed to drive up to \u003cstrong\u003e16 servo motors or LEDs simultaneously\u003c\/strong\u003e from a single microcontroller I²C bus. Chainable up to 62 boards for 992 channels total. Compatible with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP32, and STM32.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eKey Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM Channels\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e16\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM Resolution\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e12-bit (4096 steps)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInterface\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eI²C (address: 0x40–0x7F)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM Frequency\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24Hz – 1526Hz (adjustable)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLogic Voltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.3V – 5.5V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eServo Power Input\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5V – 6V (V+ terminal)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMax Current per Channel\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25mA (LED), external for servos\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOperating Temperature\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-40°C to +85°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChainable Boards\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUp to 62 (992 channels)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eWhy Choose PCA9685?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003eHardware PWM\u003c\/strong\u003e — no CPU load, precise timing independent of main loop\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003e12-bit resolution\u003c\/strong\u003e — 4096 steps for smooth servo positioning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003eI²C chainable\u003c\/strong\u003e — expand to 62 boards with address jumpers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003eWide temperature range\u003c\/strong\u003e — -40°C to +85°C for outdoor robotics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003eAdafruit library compatible\u003c\/strong\u003e — plug-and-play with Arduino IDE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eCompatible With \/ Works With\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eArduino\u003c\/strong\u003e UNO R3, Nano, Mega 2560 (I²C: A4\/A5)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRaspberry Pi\u003c\/strong\u003e 3B+\/4B\/5 (I²C: GPIO2\/GPIO3)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eESP32\u003c\/strong\u003e \/ ESP8266 (I²C: GPIO21\/GPIO22)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSTM32\u003c\/strong\u003e Nucleo \/ Blue Pill (I²C1\/I²C2)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAdafruit PCA9685 Library\u003c\/strong\u003e (Arduino IDE) \/ \u003cstrong\u003eAdafruit CircuitPython\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard RC servos: SG90, MG90S, MG995, MG996R, DS3218\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eTypical Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRobot Arms\u003c\/strong\u003e — 6-DOF arm with 6 servos controlled from single I²C bus\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHexapod Robots\u003c\/strong\u003e — 18-servo hexapod using 2 chained PCA9685 boards\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePan-Tilt Camera Mounts\u003c\/strong\u003e — 2-axis gimbal with SG90 servos\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e16-Channel LED Dimmer\u003c\/strong\u003e — RGB LED strip PWM control, 12-bit smooth dimming\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRC Vehicle Steering\u003c\/strong\u003e — precise servo angle control for autonomous vehicles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: Can PCA9685 power servos directly from the board?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: No. Servo power must be supplied to the V+ terminal separately (5–6V, sufficient current for all servos). The board's 3.3V\/5V pins only power the IC logic.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: How do I set the I²C address?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: Solder the A0–A5 address jumpers on the board. Default address is 0x40. Each jumper adds a binary value, allowing addresses 0x40–0x7F (64 unique addresses).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: What library should I use with Arduino?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: Use the official \u003cstrong\u003eAdafruit PWM Servo Driver Library\u003c\/strong\u003e (available in Arduino Library Manager). Install and run the servo example to verify operation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003ePackage Contents\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1× PCA9685 16-Channel 12-Bit PWM Servo Driver Board\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin headers (unsoldered)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46991477932267,"sku":"\u003cnone\u003e","price":15.56,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/16-channel-12bit-pwm-servo-driver-pca9685-i2c-module.webp?v=1761628814"},{"product_id":"l298n-dual-h-bridge-dc-stepper-motor-driver-2a-5-35v-arduino-robot","title":"L298N Dual H-Bridge DC \u0026 Stepper Motor Driver Module — 2A, 5–35V, Arduino Robot","description":"\u003ch2\u003eL298N Dual H-Bridge DC \u0026amp; Stepper Motor Driver Module\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eL298N motor driver module\u003c\/strong\u003e is the most popular dual H-bridge motor controller for Arduino robotics projects. It can drive \u003cstrong\u003etwo DC motors\u003c\/strong\u003e (forward\/reverse\/speed) or \u003cstrong\u003eone bipolar stepper motor\u003c\/strong\u003e simultaneously, with up to \u003cstrong\u003e2A per channel\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003e5–35V motor supply\u003c\/strong\u003e. The onboard 5V regulator powers your Arduino directly from the motor supply — no separate USB needed.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eKey Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eL298N (ST Microelectronics)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor Supply Voltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5V – 35V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLogic Supply Voltage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5V (onboard regulator from motor supply)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOutput Current (per channel)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2A (continuous), 3A (peak)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTotal Power Dissipation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25W\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor Channels\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2 (Channel A + Channel B)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM Speed Control\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYes (ENA\/ENB pins)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDirection Control\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIN1\/IN2 (Ch.A), IN3\/IN4 (Ch.B)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOnboard 5V Regulator\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYes (for logic supply, \u0026lt;500mA)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOperating Temperature\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-25°C to +130°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eWiring Guide\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eL298N Pin\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eArduino Pin\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eFunction\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eENA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eD9 (PWM)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor A speed (PWM)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIN1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eD8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor A direction\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIN2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eD7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor A direction\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIN3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eD6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor B direction\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIN4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eD5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor B direction\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eENB\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eD3 (PWM)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor B speed (PWM)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5V (out)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5V (Arduino)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePower Arduino from module\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGND\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGND\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCommon ground\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eWhy Choose L298N Module?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003e2A per channel\u003c\/strong\u003e — drives most DC gear motors and stepper motors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003eOnboard 5V regulator\u003c\/strong\u003e — power Arduino directly from 7–35V motor supply\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003ePWM speed control\u003c\/strong\u003e — analog speed via ENA\/ENB PWM pins\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003eDual channel\u003c\/strong\u003e — control two motors independently for differential drive robots\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ \u003cstrong\u003eScrew terminals\u003c\/strong\u003e — secure motor and power connections\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eCompatible With \/ Works With\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArduino UNO\/Nano\/Mega (PWM pins D3, D5, D6, D9, D10, D11)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eESP32 \/ ESP8266 (3.3V logic compatible with L298N 5V logic input)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRaspberry Pi (via GPIO, use level shifter for 3.3V)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDC gear motors: TT motor, N20, 370, 775 series\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBipolar stepper motors: 28BYJ-48 (with gear), NEMA 17 (low current)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eTypical Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eArduino Smart Car\u003c\/strong\u003e — differential drive robot with two TT motors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLine Follower Robot\u003c\/strong\u003e — IR sensor + L298N + Arduino for autonomous line tracking\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStepper Motor Control\u003c\/strong\u003e — bipolar stepper for CNC, 3D printer extruder (low current)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConveyor Belt\u003c\/strong\u003e — DC motor speed and direction control for automation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePan-Tilt Platform\u003c\/strong\u003e — two-axis camera mount with DC motor control\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: Can L298N module power an Arduino UNO?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: Yes. Connect the module's 5V output pin to Arduino's 5V pin (not VIN). The onboard 7805 regulator provides up to 500mA — sufficient for Arduino + sensors. Requires motor supply voltage ≥7V for the regulator to work.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: Why is my motor running slowly or getting hot?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: L298N has ~2V voltage drop per H-bridge. At 6V motor supply, effective motor voltage is ~4V. Use 9–12V supply for full motor speed. Overheating indicates sustained current near 2A — add a heatsink to the L298N chip.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: Can L298N drive a NEMA 17 stepper motor?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: Only for low-current NEMA 17 motors (≤1.5A\/phase). For standard NEMA 17 (1.7–2A\/phase), use a dedicated stepper driver (A4988, DRV8825) for better current control and microstepping.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch3\u003ePackage Contents\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e1× L298N Dual H-Bridge DC \u0026amp; Stepper Motor Driver Module\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46991482421483,"sku":"\u003cnone\u003e","price":8.04,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/l298n-dual-hbridge-motor-driver.webp?v=1761545161"},{"product_id":"28byj-48-5v-stepper-motor-uln2003-driver-module-arduino-pic-avr","title":"28BYJ-48 5V Stepper Motor with ULN2003 Driver Module — 4-Phase, Arduino, PIC, AVR","description":"\u003ch2\u003e28BYJ-48 5V Stepper Motor with ULN2003 Driver Board — 4-Phase, Arduino \/ PIC \/ AVR\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003e28BYJ-48\u003c\/strong\u003e is a 4-phase, 5-wire unipolar stepper motor with a built-in \u003cstrong\u003e1:64 gear reduction\u003c\/strong\u003e, providing precise low-speed rotation ideal for Arduino positioning projects. 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VCC→5V, GND→GND.\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccode\u003e#include \u0026lt;Stepper.h\u0026gt;\u003c\/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccode\u003eStepper myStepper(2048, 8, 10, 9, 11);\u003c\/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccode\u003emyStepper.setSpeed(10); \/\/ 10 RPM\u003c\/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccode\u003emyStepper.step(2048); \/\/ One full revolution\u003c\/code\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: Can 28BYJ-48 be powered from Arduino’s 5V pin?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: For brief movements yes, but continuous operation draws ~400mA (4 phases × 100mA) — exceeding Arduino’s 500mA USB limit. Use an external 5V supply for sustained use.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: What’s the actual gear ratio of 28BYJ-48?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: The nominal ratio is 1:64, but the actual ratio is 63.68395:1, giving 2037.9 steps\/rev in full-step mode. Most projects use 2048 for simplicity.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003ePackage Contents\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1× 28BYJ-48 5V 4-Phase Stepper Motor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1× ULN2003 Driver Board\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1× Connecting Cable\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"module","offer_id":46991497134315,"sku":"14:10#module","price":6.88,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Motor","offer_id":46991497167083,"sku":"14:350852#Motor","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"motor with module","offer_id":46991497199851,"sku":"14:29#motor with module","price":12.2,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/28byj48-stepper-motor-uln2003.webp?v=1761535447"},{"product_id":"pca9685-16-channel-12bit-pwm-servo-driver-i2c-arduino-raspberry-pi","title":"PCA9685 16-Channel 12-Bit PWM Servo Driver — I²C, Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Robot Arm","description":"\u003ch2\u003ePCA9685 16-Channel 12-Bit PWM Servo Driver — I²C, Arduino \/ Raspberry Pi\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003ePCA9685\u003c\/strong\u003e module provides \u003cstrong\u003e16 independent PWM output channels\u003c\/strong\u003e with \u003cstrong\u003e12-bit resolution\u003c\/strong\u003e (4096 steps) via a single \u003cstrong\u003eI²C interface\u003c\/strong\u003e. It offloads all PWM timing from the MCU, freeing up GPIO pins and CPU cycles. Up to \u003cstrong\u003e62 modules can be chained\u003c\/strong\u003e on one I²C bus (via address jumpers), enabling control of up to \u003cstrong\u003e992 servo channels\u003c\/strong\u003e from a single Arduino or Raspberry Pi.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eKey Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDriver IC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePCA9685 (NXP)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM Channels\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e16 independent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM Resolution\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e12-bit (4096 steps per cycle)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM Frequency\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24Hz – 1526Hz (programmable)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInterface\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eI²C (address 0x40–0x7F, 62 addresses)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLogic Supply (VCC)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3.3V – 5V DC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eServo Power (V+)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSeparate terminal (5V–6V for servos)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOutput Current (per channel)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25mA (LED drive) \/ external driver for servos\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOperating Temperature\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e−40°C to +85°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChainable Modules\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUp to 62 (992 total channels)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003ch3\u003eWhy Choose PCA9685?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e16 Channels, 2 Wires\u003c\/strong\u003e — Controls 16 servos using only SDA + SCL from the MCU\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e12-Bit Resolution\u003c\/strong\u003e — 4096 steps per PWM cycle for smooth, precise servo positioning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChainable\u003c\/strong\u003e — 62 modules on one bus = 992 servo channels for large robot arms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSeparate Servo Power\u003c\/strong\u003e — V+ terminal powers servos independently from logic supply\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAdafruit Library\u003c\/strong\u003e — Full Arduino and Python (Raspberry Pi) library support\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003eTypical Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRobot arm with 6–16 servo joints (Arduino\/Raspberry Pi)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePan-tilt camera gimbal (2–3 servos)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHexapod robot leg control (18 servos)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRC vehicle steering and throttle servo control\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e16-channel LED PWM dimmer (R\/G\/B LED arrays)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnimatronic face and puppet control\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003eArduino Library \u0026amp; Setup\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eInstall \u003cstrong\u003eAdafruit PWM Servo Driver Library\u003c\/strong\u003e. 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Servos must be powered via the V+ screw terminal from an external 5V–6V supply capable of the required current (typically 500mA–1A per servo).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: How do I change the I²C address?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: Solder the A0–A5 address jumper pads on the board. Each combination sets a unique address from 0x40 to 0x7F.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003ePackage Contents\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e1× PCA9685 16-Channel 12-Bit PWM Servo Driver Module\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46991497789675,"sku":"\u003cnone\u003e","price":12.56,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/pca9685-16ch-pwm-servo-driver.webp?v=1761534940"},{"product_id":"uln2003a-sop16-7-channel-darlington-transistor-array-relay-stepper","title":"ULN2003A SOP-16 7-Channel Darlington Transistor Array IC — Relay \u0026 Stepper Driver (5-Pack)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eULN2003A SOP-16 7-Channel Darlington Transistor Array IC — Relay \u0026amp; Stepper Motor Driver (5-Pack)\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eULN2003A\u003c\/strong\u003e is a high-voltage, high-current Darlington transistor array in a \u003cstrong\u003eSOP-16\u003c\/strong\u003e surface-mount package, containing \u003cstrong\u003eseven NPN Darlington pairs\u003c\/strong\u003e each rated at \u003cstrong\u003e50V \/ 500mA\u003c\/strong\u003e with built-in \u003cstrong\u003eflyback protection diodes\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is the standard IC for driving relays, stepper motors, solenoids, and LED arrays from 3.3V\/5V MCU GPIO signals.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eKey Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePart Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eULN2003A\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePackage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSOP-16 (SMD)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNumber of Channels\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e7 (independent Darlington pairs)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOutput Voltage (Max)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOutput Current (per channel)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e500mA continuous (600mA peak)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInput Voltage (Logic HIGH)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4V – 5V (TTL\/CMOS compatible)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInput Current (per channel)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~1mA @ VIN=5V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFlyback Diodes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBuilt-in (one per channel, common anode to COM pin)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSaturation Voltage (VCE(sat))\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~1.1V @ 350mA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOperating Temperature\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e−40°C to +85°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eQuantity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5 pieces\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003ch3\u003eULN2003A vs ULN2803A\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eFeature\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eULN2003A\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eULN2803A\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChannels\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePackage\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDIP-16 \/ SOP-16\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDIP-18 \/ SOP-18\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInput Logic\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5V TTL\/CMOS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5V TTL\/CMOS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOutput Current\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e500mA per channel\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e500mA per channel\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBest For\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStepper motor (28BYJ-48), 7-relay bank\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e8-relay bank, 8-channel driver\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003ch3\u003eWhy Choose ULN2003A?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e7 Channels in One IC\u003c\/strong\u003e — Drives 7 relays, 7 LEDs, or 4-phase stepper motor from a single package\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBuilt-in Flyback Diodes\u003c\/strong\u003e — Protects MCU from inductive kickback when switching relays and solenoids\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e50V \/ 500mA Per Channel\u003c\/strong\u003e — Handles 5V, 12V, and 24V relay coils and solenoids\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e3.3V\/5V Input Compatible\u003c\/strong\u003e — Directly driven from ESP32, Arduino, Raspberry Pi GPIO\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSOP-16 SMD Package\u003c\/strong\u003e — Compact footprint for modern PCB relay driver designs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003eTypical Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e28BYJ-48 stepper motor driver (4-phase unipolar, uses 4 of 7 channels)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7-channel relay bank driver from Arduino\/ESP32\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSolenoid valve driver for pneumatic and hydraulic systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh-current LED array driver (up to 500mA per LED string)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLamp and incandescent bulb switching from MCU\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndustrial output module for PLC I\/O expansion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: How do I connect ULN2003A to drive a 12V relay from Arduino?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: Connect Arduino GPIO to ULN2003A input pin (IN1–IN7). Connect relay coil between 12V supply and ULN2003A output pin (OUT1–OUT7). Connect COM pin to 12V supply (for flyback diode). Connect GND to Arduino GND and 12V GND.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ: Can ULN2003A drive a 28BYJ-48 stepper motor?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA: Yes — the 28BYJ-48 ULN2003 driver board uses exactly this IC. Connect IN1–IN4 to Arduino pins 8–11, OUT1–OUT4 to stepper motor coils, VCC to 5V.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003ePackage Contents\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e5× ULN2003A SOP-16 Darlington Transistor Array IC\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"10PCS-ULN2003A","offer_id":46991509324011,"sku":"14:350852#10PCS-ULN2003A","price":5.12,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20PCS-ULN2003A","offer_id":46991509356779,"sku":"14:10#20PCS-ULN2003A","price":6.76,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/uln2003a-sop16-darlington-transistor-array-ic-chip-smd.webp?v=1761364751"},{"product_id":"l298n-motor-driver-board-module-dc-stepper-motor-controller-for-robot-car-5v-h-bridge-drive-25w-for-power-supply","title":"L298N Motor Driver Board Module DC Stepper Motor Controller For Robot Car 5V H Bridge Drive 25W For Power Supply","description":"\u003ch1\u003eSPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/h1\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBrand Name\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eKeszoox\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCertification\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eNone\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChoice\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eyes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHigh-concerned chemical\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eNone\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eModel Number\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eL298N\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMotor\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eDC Motor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMotor Type\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eDC Motor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOrigin\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eMainland China\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003esemi_Choice\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eyes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003etype 1\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eL298N\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003etype 2\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003estepper motor driver\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003etype 3\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003estepper driver\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003etype 4\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003estepper motor controller\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003etype 5\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003emotor driver\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003etype 6\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003edriver stepper 5v\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_html\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detail-desc-decorate-richtext\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:20px\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFeatures:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e*This module USES L298N as the main drive chip, with strong driving ability, low heat and strong anti-interference ability.\u003cbr\u003e*Through this module can use the built-in 78 m05 drive power supply parts of their work, but in order to avoid the voltage regulator chip damage, when using the driving voltage is greater than 12 v, please use the external power supply 5 v logic.\u003cbr\u003e*This module USES a large capacity filter capacity, a continuation protection diode, can improve reliability.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:20px\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecification:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eModule name: dual H bridge motor drive module\u003cbr\u003eWork mode: H bridge drive(double road)\u003cbr\u003eMain control chip: L298N\u003cbr\u003ePackaging: electrostatic bag\u003cbr\u003eLogical voltage: 5V\u003cbr\u003eDrive voltage: 5v-35v\u003cbr\u003eLogical current: 0mA-36mA\u003cbr\u003eDriving current: 2A(MAX single bridge)\u003cbr\u003eStorage temperature:- 20℃ to+ 135℃\u003cbr\u003eMaximum power: 25W\u003cbr\u003eWeight: 30g\u003cbr\u003ePeripheral dimensions: 43*43*27mm\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePrecautions:\u003cbr\u003e1. When your driving voltage(marked as 12V input in the above picture, the actual acceptable input range is 7-12V) is 7V\u003cbr\u003eWhen-12V, the onboard 5V logic power supply can be enabled. After using the onboard 5V power supply, the+5V in the interface\u003cbr\u003eNo input voltage is required for power supply, but 5V voltage can be drawn out for external use.(This is a regular application!)\u003cbr\u003e2. When the driving voltage is higher than 12V and less than or equal to 24V(the chip manual states that it can support up to 35V, but according to experience It has been tested that the maximum voltage of 298 conservative applications can support up to 24V), for example, if you want to drive the rated voltage to\u003cbr\u003e18V motor. First, you must remove the onboard 5V output enable for jumper cap. Then connect 5V externally to the 5V output port\u003cbr\u003e5V enable is a control signal with a level of 5V. When this signal input is valid and the power supply in the motor drive module is normal, the motor drive module outputs current. Otherwise, even if the power supply is normal, there will be no current on the motor.\u003cbr\u003eThe voltage supplies the L298N internal logic circuitry.(This is an unconventional application of high voltage drive)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:20px\"\u003ePacking list:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1*Motor driver board module\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);color:rgb(17, 31, 44);font-size:14px;font-family:\"Microsoft YaHei\", \"Segoe UI\", system-ui, Roboto, \"Droid Sans\", \"Helvetica Neue\", sans-serif, Tahoma, \"Segoe UI SymbolMyanmar Text\", 微软雅黑'\u003e1. The real color of the item may be slightly different from the pictures shown on website caused by many factors such as brightness of your monitor and light brightness.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);color:rgb(17, 31, 44);font-size:14px;font-family:\"Microsoft YaHei\", \"Segoe UI\", system-ui, Roboto, \"Droid Sans\", \"Helvetica Neue\", sans-serif, Tahoma, \"Segoe UI SymbolMyanmar Text\", 微软雅黑'\u003e2. Please allow slight manual measurement deviation for the data.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sf607dab82bbe4b2b9df9224f2d550944e.jpeg\" slate-data-type=\"image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S5718214a5a9a4ee4bc05de99102087201.jpeg\" slate-data-type=\"image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S5718214a5a9a4ee4bc05de99102087201.jpeg\" slate-data-type=\"image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sf5fa7154e4ca46b5aea69593cd4a8175H.jpeg\" slate-data-type=\"image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sad8e5d2e0b3f4463a1b16bfd9367ff86U.jpeg\" slate-data-type=\"image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S0e3588a1a7284e3b8e41498d00d1b0206.jpeg\" slate-data-type=\"image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sf607dab82bbe4b2b9df9224f2d550944e.jpeg\" slate-data-type=\"image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S52bdcd0f70fb42ac86d3cbeadc9365cdZ.jpeg\" slate-data-type=\"image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sff488956dd864dee8cdfeae57572258dm.jpeg\" slate-data-type=\"image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S489bcf6269d846939cec793faa6a6d811.jpeg\" slate-data-type=\"image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sb6bd6533ae5f4bef8cee2f296b35b3cak.jpeg\" slate-data-type=\"image\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"China Mainland","offer_id":47723228987627,"sku":"200007763:201336100","price":13.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/S4a94c37d26594c62a882471fb2baa2c1y.webp?v=1770450065"},{"product_id":"dm542-2-phase-digital-stepper-motor-driver-controller","title":"DM542 2-Phase Digital Stepper Motor Driver Controller","description":"\u003ch1\u003eSPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/h1\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBrand Name\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eKeszoox\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChoice\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eyes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHigh-concerned chemical\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eNone\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMotor\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eStepper Motor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOrigin\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eMainland China\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_html\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detail-desc-decorate-richtext\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eFeature:\r\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e20KHz chopping frequency\r\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eOptical isolation signal input\r\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eOutput current DIP s is adjustable\r\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eBipolar constant current chopping method\r\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eHigh segmentation: 2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256. 5,10,25,50,125,200\r\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eTTL input signal compatible,while accepting differential signal input\r\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e \r\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eSpecifications:\r\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003ePower supply:DC 24-60 (V)\r\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eCurrent maximum:4.5A\r\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eOutput phase current:1.5A-4.5A\r\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eLogic input current:10-20mA\r\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eOperating temperature:-15°—+45°\r\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eSize:11.7*8.5cm\/4.61*3.35inch\r\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\r\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_image\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S7e00d6d135864adb99dd71a931a9ac13b.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S036981cfa9d34170a4a7c0ca659e50adi.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sfa3696ae3ac043c9b577e81359bc2f16w.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S277ed41897fb43cc8d8756631e14d44dG.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S1521d1249a20459ebb3b61f91f19a7a0X.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S6a48c2269d1440b0abe8897464bcd48cB.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sb583e9e62adc47f89440b1ce494e9738T.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sbe9281eda7fd45c3ba9a2839ec71f8daq.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S8e0fa2f25ea84362a823ee82898c963c0.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sab550dd306344268b4d8220fa735681aY.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S23a27c12052f4255b75ee061cf5414d3K.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S0dd8dc181c21499596b6a6e94ae1627aW.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\r\n","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"one size","offer_id":47857221107947,"sku":"35:201283931#one size","price":61.25,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/dm542-stepper-motor-driver-controller.webp?v=1771754446"},{"product_id":"10pcs-diy-digital-camera-lens-mini-ultra-tiny-4-5mm-4-9mm-stepper-motor-micro-2-phase-4-wire-precision-step-stepping-motor","title":"10Pcs DIY Digital Camera Lens Mini Ultra Tiny 4.5MM \/ 4.9MM Stepper Motor Micro 2-Phase 4-Wire Precision Step Stepping Motor","description":"\u003ch1\u003eSPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/h1\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBrand Name\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eKeszoox\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChoice\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eyes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHigh-concerned chemical\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eNone\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMotor\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eAC Motor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOrigin\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eMainland China\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_html\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detail-desc-decorate-richtext\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eDescription\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eModel A: 4.5mm Stepper Motor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e1.Motor outer diamer: 4.5 mm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e2.Motor height: 8.6 mm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e3.Motor shaft diamer: 0.7 mm (flat position 0.5 mm)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e4.Output shaft length: 1.5 mm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e5.Motor type: 2-phase 4-wire\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e6.Driving voltage: DC 5V (estimated)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e7.Internal resistance: About 12.1 Ω\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e8.5V short circuit current: 0.32A\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eModel B: 4.9mm Stepper Motor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e1.Motor outer diamer: 4.9 mm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e2.Motor height: 6 mm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e3.Motor shaft diamer: 0.7 mm (flat position 0.5 mm)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e4.Output shaft length: 1.2 mm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e5.Motor type: 2-phase 4-wire\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e6.Driving voltage: DC 5V (estimated)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e7.Internal resistance: About 14.8 Ω\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e8.5V short circuit current: 0.27A\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e9.Material: Mal\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003ePackage inculding:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e10pcs * Mini Stepper Motor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eNote:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e1. This is 2-phase 4-wire stepper motor, it needs an additional 2-phase 4-wire stepper motor driver to operate.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e2.The color of the item may be slightly different from the pictures shown on website caused by many factors such as brightness of your monitor and light brightness. Please refer to the actual product received.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e3. Please allow slight manual measurement deviation for the data.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_image\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sdda2b631ae174b6e973a69a0a6070d43G.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S95dc11dafebd4a36a2d02fa00809c471m.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sc7e9762aed8e445f87b8b6b8d4cd08a4I.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Se70b16a39a774472a27723549fa2c723I.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sacec6306b93c4dc182a123fb3a246b76Z.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sf6e7ec775002456fb3b35fa80f3fd26ag.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S573fce7f69df480e8ad2771aa5c0eca2M.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S3be4610819bb47859e9c9b9133de6b98i.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sc94766196b0f479a88c00a09a38632aaF.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S2720e5b404ba424b8520d36b375aded3k.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\r\n","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"4.9mm","offer_id":47860379746539,"sku":"35:100016897#4.9mm","price":11.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"4.5mm","offer_id":47860379779307,"sku":"35:201283931#4.5mm","price":14.6,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/Sf6e7ec775002456fb3b35fa80f3fd26ag.webp?v=1771814469"},{"product_id":"micro-4mm-stepper-motor-precision-4-wire-motor-for-camera-lens","title":"Micro 4MM Stepper Motor Precision 4 Wire Motor for Camera Lens","description":"\u003ch1\u003eSPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/h1\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBrand Name\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eKeszoox\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCertification\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003ece\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChoice\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eyes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHigh-concerned chemical\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eNone\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOrigin\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eMainland China\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOutput Power\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003e＜18.65\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_html\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detail-desc-decorate-richtext\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eDescription\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eMini Ultra Tiny 4MM Stepper Motor Micro 2-Phase 4-Wire Precision Step Stepping Motor DIY Digital Camera Lens\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eMotor outer diameter: 4.4 MM\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eMotor height: 8.4 MM\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eMotor shaft diameter: 0.7 MM (flat position 0.5 MM) Output shaft length: 1.5 MM\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eModel: Two-phase four-wire\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eDrive voltage: DC5V (estimated)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eInternal resistance: Approximately 14 ohms 5V short-circuit current: 0.3 A\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eMaterial: Metal\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003ePacking: 1\/5\/10pcs\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eNote:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e1. The color of the item may be slightly different from the pictures shown on website caused by many factors such as brightness of your monitor and light brightness. Please refer to the actual product received.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e2. Please allow slight manual measurement deviation for the data.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_image\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sc9bd4c20f66149bab7d3f99e5d57a406J.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S47837ceba9464383ad1e81870d9b7867w.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sbdbaf535550e488fafcc8faec1862b64X.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sd5fece62d0554220ab21deafad0740c8c.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sd964f4e25cd541ddab4f67694b3567270.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S1b609eb269af4b38bf9154bda2826470o.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S61e1fb1a74174938aeffd511ad089407n.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sffa92c3371434edaa55a72f2c25c18a4Q.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sd75a553cae8443d9a2428d70fdf022b6c.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\r\n","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"A1 \/ ONESIZE","offer_id":47862893674731,"sku":"100005629:200200418#A1;400005803:50789966#ONESIZE","price":8.12,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"A3 \/ ONESIZE","offer_id":47862893707499,"sku":"100005629:200049921#A3;400005803:50789966#ONESIZE","price":11.24,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"A2 \/ ONESIZE","offer_id":47862893740267,"sku":"100005629:200047212#A2;400005803:50789966#ONESIZE","price":9.87,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/micro-4mm-stepper-motor.webp?v=1771989451"},{"product_id":"10sets-21mm-nylon-control-horn-clevis-for-rc-airplane-servo","title":"10Sets 21mm Nylon Control Horn \u0026 Clevis for RC Airplane Servo","description":"\u003ch1\u003eSPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/h1\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBrand Name\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eKeszoox\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChoice\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eyes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHigh-concerned chemical\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eNone\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOrigin\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eMainland China\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_html\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detail-desc-decorate-richtext\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eDescription:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003efeatures:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eLock ailerons, elevators, rudders, and nylon controlled horns for similar applications. The backplane pushes through the serrations on the horn and locks it in place without glue.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eNylon clevis for threading or pushing into the fitting rod. It has a shaft on its side for safely fixing 2mm pan head screws.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eSpecifications:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eControl horn\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eLength from horn to base: 18mm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eMaximum thickness of control surface: 6mm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eBase length: 12mm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eBase width: 8mm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eMaterial: Nylon\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003ePinning: locking\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eSize: 3.2 x2.1 mm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eApplicable: RC fixed wing aircraft\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003ePackage includes:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e10 sets * medium locking nylon control horn + U-clip + screw\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_image\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sea9e9a2bd7c54814942d2cf656f663a0A.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S16286d709b83496380cc90474156f318i.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sccd5ae3602e14ec98fd7272c46be0d8fK.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S98670af63bb14b15aa10c019e1a5f049I.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S05d20cce6b874bf6b13bce650a1382cfB.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sd481d0c6a7444c1b91a249694e9736edS.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\r\n","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"10Pcs","offer_id":47873810366699,"sku":"26:200186605#10Pcs","price":9.88,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/nylon-control-horn-clevis-set.webp?v=1772164376"},{"product_id":"dc-5v-12v-micro-stepper-motor-driver-module-2-phase-4-wire-controller","title":"DC 5V-12V Micro Stepper Motor Driver Module 2-Phase 4-Wire Controller","description":"\u003ch1\u003eSPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/h1\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBrand Name\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eKeszoox\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChoice\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eyes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHigh-concerned chemical\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eNone\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMotor\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eStepper Motor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOrigin\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eMainland China\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_html\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detail-desc-decorate-richtext\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eSpecifications:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eVoltage range: DC5V-12V\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eRated current: ≤ 800mA\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003ePower reverse connection protection: yes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eOvercurrent protection: yes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eOverheat protection: yes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eThe drive control board has four working modes: 1. Common mode 1. Common mode 2. Inching mode 4. Automatic round trip mode\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e【1】 Common mode 1: S1 start stop button, S2 forward and reverse button, W2 potentiometer speed regulation. If limit reversal is needed, two limit ses can be connected on P3 pin, and contacts are installed on the motor moving shaft, so that the motor will move back and forth in the stroke between the two limit ses.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e【2】 Normal mode 2: S1 forward start button, S2 reverse start button, press any key to stop. W2 potentiometer speed regulation. If limit stop is needed, two limit ses can be connected on P3 pin, so that the motor will stop moving when it touches the limit s, and the motor will reverse after touching the opposite button.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e【3】 Inching mode: S1 press forward, release stop, S2 press reverse, release stop, W2 potentiometer speed regulation. If limit stop is needed, the upper limit s can be connected to P3.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e【4】 Automatic round trip mode: S1 start stop, S2 forward and reverse, W2 potentiometer speed regulation, W1 potentiometer adjust the number of automatic round trip steps. After starting, the motor will run back and forth automatically within the steps regulated by W1.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_image\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S1d42182237f9401384cfcd881b85faf9R.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sb293d71d6982487a9d1b51c28c36a699l.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sb8ec029c510741b79a9b279f48b07cd5W.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S778b7f06cc48480e87c517647e37906aW.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sdfc499f30f034732a92c3a37fab0de20Q.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S017de7bb93a249a1aa7348bdde2d6c34K.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S2ee8ed973fa94a309caae84cbc063721O.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S5d32cf5ff4504de99804f5d8be8db19bi.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S771702a74bc94623bd473fc47d8115acN.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S5d6eb42a9e6f4d7db4691180d12613b1A.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S94428fe8309e42839e411db1226dceaaq.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S95e93370d16f4cdc8589b5a55e054ec4Z.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Se087673c5243439fad4ed64ebe208b25B.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S6d30ed345ea94d1d885c83385c3d67073.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S7d19e9c294ed4d7d98226839f44dbac90.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S2301d7cf8f1e4ace82b34a46f5f59c8aQ.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S692e2e61893f40f88d5cd7e8b42a7f4eM.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S020adc2ec52543fcb1921b09b3a06302R.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sd95bb85a71b84ff5a0b599aadc3adb0bF.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S5b42aa3e3fdf45e6837d5bfd76c7bb670.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S0da99c46a8074e499c9960e0983b4d2ce.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sb233a7262ee64a08b02739a43a4629f8Q.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\r\n","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"one size","offer_id":47873818820843,"sku":"35:201283931#one size","price":26.36,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/micro-stepper-motor-driver.webp?v=1772160505"},{"product_id":"1pc-diy-mini-output-dc-deceleration-motor-looks-like-servo-motor-for-robots-helicopter-airplane-car-boat","title":"1pc DIY Mini Output DC Deceleration Motor Looks Like Servo Motor For Robots Helicopter Airplane Car Boat","description":"\u003ch1\u003eSPECIFICATIONS\u003c\/h1\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBrand Name\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eKeszoox\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCertification\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003ece\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChoice\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eyes\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHigh-concerned chemical\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eNone\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOrigin\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003eMainland China\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOutput Power\u003c\/span\u003e: \u003cspan style=\"color:#333\"\u003e＜18.65\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_html\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"detail-desc-decorate-richtext\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eFeatures:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eHigh efficiency: In the process of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, the conversion efficiency of the DC gear motor is relatively high, which not only helps to save power resources and reduce operating costs, but also brings better working performance.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eCompact structure: The structure of the DC gear motor is very compact, small and light, easy to install and maintain, and can be used in application scenarios where space is limited or miniaturized equipment is required.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eStrong adaptability: The DC gear motor can work normally in low-voltage environment, low-speed environment and environment requiring large torque output, with strong adaptability and wide range of use.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eSpecifications: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eColor:Black\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eRated voltage: DC 3.7V\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e[Current] 90mA\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e[No load speed] 52 revolutions per minute\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eSuitable voltage: DC3-6V (42-84 revolutions per minute)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003ePackage Include:1Piece\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003eNote: 1.Please allow 2%-5%cm differences due to manual measurement, thanks.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana;\"\u003e2.Please understand because of the light irradiation or computer display difference, so I can't guarantee photos and color is 100% the same.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"detailmodule_image\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sdb4e4e912799496c8ca6952fcb87355c5.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/Sf31e7d7ea2f94606975598a05e269c8bk.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S1760b988eb83435eb915d85b56439a4dd.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S1aa08637150542b3ab3553a4b61125b7M.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/ae01.alicdn.com\/kf\/S17be38df3f4240878d43f4285d08c307h.jpg\" class=\"detail-desc-decorate-image\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\r\n","brand":"Keszoox","offers":[{"title":"0 \/ 1pc","offer_id":47883090100459,"sku":"100005629:200200418#1pc;400005803:50789966#0","price":11.55,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/files\/S1aa08637150542b3ab3553a4b61125b7M.webp?v=1772423461"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0677\/1005\/8731\/collections\/image_7d4a5be4-d6fe-4269-93f6-9f60e822e9c9.png?v=1776148158","url":"https:\/\/keszoox.com\/collections\/servo-stepper-motors.oembed?page=2","provider":"Keszoox","version":"1.0","type":"link"}