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28BYJ-48 5V Stepper Motor with ULN2003 Driver Module — 4-Phase, Arduino, PIC, AVR
28BYJ-48 5V Stepper Motor with ULN2003 Driver Module 4-Phase, Arduino, PIC, AVR
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28BYJ-48 5V Stepper Motor with ULN2003 Driver Board — 4-Phase, Arduino / PIC / AVR
The 28BYJ-48 is a 4-phase, 5-wire unipolar stepper motor with a built-in 1:64 gear reduction, providing precise low-speed rotation ideal for Arduino positioning projects. Paired with the ULN2003 driver board, it connects directly to any 5V microcontroller GPIO without additional power components.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Motor Model | 28BYJ-48 |
| Supply Voltage | 5V DC |
| Phase Configuration | 4-phase, unipolar |
| Step Angle (no gear) | 5.625° / step |
| Gear Ratio | 1:64 (63.68:1 actual) |
| Steps per Revolution (full step) | 2048 steps @ output shaft |
| No-Load Speed | ~15 RPM @ 5V |
| Coil Resistance | ~50Ω per phase |
| Coil Current | ~100mA per phase |
| Driver IC | ULN2003A (Darlington array) |
| Driver Input | 4 digital pins (IN1–IN4) |
Step Modes
| Mode | Steps/Rev | Torque | Resolution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Full Step (4-step) | 2048 | Higher | 0.176°/step |
| Half Step (8-step) | 4096 | Lower | 0.088°/step |
Why Choose 28BYJ-48 + ULN2003?
- 1:64 Gear Reduction — High torque at low speed; holds position without power (detent torque)
- 2048 Steps/Rev — 0.176° resolution per full step for precise positioning
- ULN2003 Driver Included — No additional components needed; connects directly to Arduino GPIO
- 5V Operation — Powered directly from Arduino 5V pin (at low duty cycle) or external 5V supply
- Arduino Stepper Library — Supported by built-in Arduino Stepper library and AccelStepper
Typical Applications
- Arduino clock mechanism and dial indicator
- Camera pan/tilt positioning system
- 3D printer extruder (low-speed, high-torque)
- Automated valve and damper control
- Robotic arm joint positioning
- Vending machine dispensing mechanism
Arduino Wiring & Code
Connect IN1–IN4 to Arduino pins 8–11. VCC→5V, GND→GND.#include <Stepper.h>Stepper myStepper(2048, 8, 10, 9, 11);myStepper.setSpeed(10); // 10 RPMmyStepper.step(2048); // One full revolution
FAQ
Q: Can 28BYJ-48 be powered from Arduino’s 5V pin?
A: For brief movements yes, but continuous operation draws ~400mA (4 phases × 100mA) — exceeding Arduino’s 500mA USB limit. Use an external 5V supply for sustained use.
Q: What’s the actual gear ratio of 28BYJ-48?
A: The nominal ratio is 1:64, but the actual ratio is 63.68395:1, giving 2037.9 steps/rev in full-step mode. Most projects use 2048 for simplicity.
Package Contents
- 1× 28BYJ-48 5V 4-Phase Stepper Motor
- 1× ULN2003 Driver Board
- 1× Connecting Cable
