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VL53L0X / VL53L1X / VL6180 ToF Laser Ranging Sensor — I²C, 50cm–4m, Arduino STM32
VL53L0X / VL53L1X / VL6180 ToF Laser Ranging Sensor I²C, 50cm–4m, Arduino STM32
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VL53L0X / VL53L1X / VL6180 ToF Laser Ranging Sensor Module — I²C, Arduino / STM32
This module features ST’s Time-of-Flight (ToF) laser ranging sensor, measuring distance by timing a 940nm VCSEL laser pulse — not by signal amplitude. The result is accurate, ambient-light-immune distance measurement in a compact I²C module. Select your variant: VL53L0X (up to 2m), VL53L1X (up to 4m), or VL6180 (proximity + ambient light, up to 10cm).
Variant Comparison
| Feature | VL6180 | VL53L0X | VL53L1X |
|---|---|---|---|
| Max Range | ~10cm | ~2m | ~4m |
| Min Range | 0mm | ~30mm | ~40mm |
| Accuracy | ±1mm | ±3% | ±3% |
| Extra Features | Ambient light sensor | — | Multi-zone (4×4) |
| Best Use | Proximity detection | General ranging | Long-range / multi-zone |
Common Specifications (All Variants)
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Interface | I²C (default address 0x29) |
| Supply Voltage | 3V – 5V DC (onboard regulator) |
| Laser Wavelength | 940nm (Class 1, eye-safe) |
| Update Rate | Up to 50Hz (VL53L0X/L1X) |
| Operating Temperature | −40°C to +85°C |
| Module Size | ~25 × 12mm |
Why Choose ToF over Ultrasonic (HC-SR04)?
| Feature | ToF (VL53L0X) | Ultrasonic (HC-SR04) |
|---|---|---|
| Beam Angle | ~25° (narrow) | ~15° cone |
| Ambient Light | Immune | Immune |
| Min Range | ~30mm | ~20mm |
| Update Rate | Up to 50Hz | ~10Hz |
| Interface | I²C | Trigger/Echo GPIO |
| Target Material | Any reflective surface | Solid objects only |
Typical Applications
- Robot obstacle detection and avoidance
- Drone altitude hold (indoor, low-altitude)
- Gesture recognition (VL6180 proximity mode)
- Liquid level measurement in tanks
- People counting and presence detection
- 3D scanning and mapping (VL53L1X multi-zone)
Arduino Library & Setup
VL53L0X: Pololu VL53L0X library. sensor.readRangeSingleMillimeters()
VL53L1X: Pololu VL53L1X library. sensor.read()
VL6180: Adafruit VL6180X library. vl6180x.readRange()
All use I²C: SDA→A4, SCL→A5 on Arduino Uno.
FAQ
Q: Can I use multiple VL53L0X sensors on one I²C bus?
A: Yes — use the XSHUT pin to disable sensors one at a time and reassign unique I²C addresses (0x30, 0x31, etc.) at startup.
Q: Does VL53L0X work through glass?
A: No — the 940nm laser reflects off glass surfaces. Use in open-air applications only.
Package Contents
- 1× ToF Sensor Module (VL53L0X / VL53L1X / VL6180 — per selected variant)
